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KHRG Update # 97-02: Karenni



                       KAREN HUMAN RIGHTS GROUP
                          INFORMATION UPDATE

        An Independent Report by the Karen Human Rights Group
               February 12, 1997     /     KHRG #97-U2


Information Update is periodically produced by KHRG in order to provide 
timely reporting of specific developments, particularly when urgent action 
may be required.  It is produced primarily for Internet distribution.  
Topics covered will generally be reported in more detail in upcoming 
KHRG reports.
_____________________________________________________________________________

           Karenni (Kayah) State:  Update on Relocations

Between April and July 1996, SLORC ordered at least 183 villages in 
Karenni State, with an estimated total population of 25-30,000 people, to 
move to various relocation sites.  The primary intention of SLORC was to 
cut off all possibility of civilian support for the Karenni National 
Progressive Party (KNPP); SLORC had broken a ceasefire agreement to 
attack the KNPP in June 1995.  The villages affected cover at least half
the 
entire geographic area of Karenni.  Some villages were marched at gunpoint 
to relocation sites without warning, but most were issued written orders
to 
move within just 7 days or be 'considered as enemies', i.e. shot on sight 
without question.  [For details see "Forced Relocation in Karenni", KHRG 
#96-24, 15/7/96.]  Thousands of villagers went to the relocation sites as 
ordered; others, particularly those far from SLORC bases, fled into hiding 
in the forests surrounding their villages.  Over 3,000 escaped to Karenni 
refugee camps in Thailand after a difficult and dangerous walk of days or 
weeks in rainy season.  Some fled to parts of Karenni and southwestern 
Shan states controlled by the KNPLF (Karenni Nationalities People's 
Liberation Front) and SNPLO (Shan Nationalities People's Liberation 
Organisation), both of which currently have ceasefires with SLORC.  Since 
the relocations, SLORC has still not allowed people to resettle in their
home 
villages or provided them any assistance, and the situation throughout 
Karenni continues to grow increasingly critical.

Villagers could only manage to save as much as they could carry on their 
backs, and most of their food, livestock and belongings had to be left 
behind.  In some cases even the sick, the elderly and the disabled had to
be 
left behind to fend for themselves in the abandoned villages because they 
could not manage the walk through the mountains and their relatives could 
not carry them.  Crippled villagers and sick children were later found by 
KNPP columns, hiding alone in villages already burned and destroyed by 
SLORC.  In Daw Ei Hla village a 60-year-old blind woman was left alone 
in her house with a little food.  Her decomposed remains were later found 
where she had fallen in her house and died slowly of starvation.

SLORC provided nothing whatsoever at the relocation sites, and villagers 
had been able to bring very little food with them, so in June at Shadaw
and 
Ywathit SLORC allowed many villagers one last chance to return to their 
villages for 7 to 10 days and bring back some food.  Many villagers used 
this as a chance to escape into the forest.  Then about one month after
the 
June deadline for relocation, SLORC troops launched an operation to tour 
the villages burning and destroying all that remained of them.  Some
villages 
were totally burnt down.  In other villages they destroyed the best houses 
and the rice barns and killed all the villagers' livestock and cattle.
Some 
villages were not destroyed but landmines were laid.  In Baw Ghu Der 
township, some villagers, both women and men, were later killed by 
stepping on these mines.

Thousands of villagers are still living in hiding in groups of 2 or 3
families 
in the forest.  Most had already planted their rice crop when the SLORC 
operation began (rice-growing season is between June and November), but 
then they had to spend most of their time hiding from the troops so their 
crops were largely destroyed by weeds and pests.  They are now running 
completely out of rice with no prospect of planting a crop this year 
(normally they would now be clearing their fields in preparation for 
planting).  In most villages all their livestock has been destroyed by
SLORC, 
so they are reduced to surviving on jungle vegetables and roots.  Many, 
especially children, are dying of malaria, diarrhea, dysentery,
respiratory 
illnesses, and are also contracting worms and skin diseases.

Thousands of villagers are now living at SLORC-designated relocation sites 
including Shadaw, Ywathit, Baw La Keh, Daw Tama Gyi, Tee Po Kloh, 
Kay Lia, Nwa La Bo, Maw Chi, and Pah Saung.  Bu Ko and Kwa Chi, 
initially reported by KHRG in July 1996 as a relocation site, was burned
by 
SLORC and the villagers there ordered to move to Maw Chi relocation site.  
When the people arrived in the relocation sites, nothing was prepared for 
them.  They had to clear an area designated by the SLORC in order to build 
a house.  In Shadaw site, after the villagers had cleared the site the
troops 
decided that the area would be good for growing beans for the Army, and 
ordered the people to clear another place to settle.  After a few months, 
most of the villagers had not been able to build a house since bamboo and 
roofing leaves were hard to get, especially during the rainy season, and
were 
at a long distance or had to be bought.  A lot of the villagers were
unable to 
build houses, and even 6 months later they were still staying in
precarious 
shelters.

On arrival at most of the relocation camps the villagers had to hand over 
whatever rice they had to SLORC, and then had rice rationed out to them at 
varying rates; for example, at Maw Chi they received 8 milktins per person 
per week (only 1/2 the amount required to feed an average adult).  Even 
this distribution only lasted the first 1-2 months, after which there was
no 
rice left.  In Shadaw, a Roman Catholic priest started distributing rice
to 
the people but then SLORC ordered him to hand over the rice to them for 
distribution.  He refused, as he knew the Army would simply take the rice, 
and had to stop.  After there was no more rice, villagers could buy a pass 
from the soldiers costing between 2 and 5 Kyats allowing them to be away 
from morning until sunset, or in some cases for 2 days, just enough time
to 
return to their village and bring some food.  People found outside the 
relocation site without a pass or with expired passes are beaten.  Even 
people with passes have been arrested, beaten and send back to the 
relocation sites.

In most of the relocation sites many people are dying of disease; in
Shadaw 
an estimated 300 have died, and in Mawchi 100.  The water supply is 
totally inadequate and usually dirty.  Every day as many as 3 or 4 die, 
mostly children, mainly because of malaria, dysentery and respiratory 
diseases.  The sites have no clinics.  Even if there is a clinic nearby,
no 
medicines are available unless people can go and buy them.  In some sites 
Catholic priests were doing their best to treat sick people.  The
relocation 
sites have no schools.

In most sites the SLORC troops order the people to work for them.  They 
have to cut bamboo and wooden posts to build barracks and fences.  In 
Shadaw, Daw Tama Gyi and Tee Po Kloh sites, people are forced to do 
road construction work.  They have also been forced to build fences around 
some of the relocation camps, to dig trenches and to do labour as
sentries.  
The sites are concentration camps and people need to get a pass at the 
sentry post in order to go in and out.  Landmines have been laid around
the 
camps.  Military defences are especially prevalent at Shadaw, Maw Chi and 
Ywathit sites, where SLORC is more afraid of the KNPP.  SLORC have 
built military posts inside the relocation sites and have arrested people 
staying there, usually charging them with suspicion of having had contact 
with opposition groups.  In Tee Po Kloh site, one villager was arrested by 
the army, sent to Loikaw and detained in the overcrowded army camp jail 
for several months.  He was severely beaten.

Many villagers who obtain passes and reach their villages go into hiding, 
building small shelters in the forest instead of returning.  They collect 
food in their village or in the forest to survive.  Most are almost out of 
rice and will face critical circumstances very soon.  Hundreds of people
fled 
Shadaw, a large relocation site holding several thousand people, to KNPLF 
territory near the Shan border and have been sheltered in various
villages.  
Some have fled across the border of Shan State and have been staying in 
SNPLO area but they are now reportedly returning to their home areas.  
Some people fled the Shadaw relocation site to Loikaw (capital of
Karenni), 
but SLORC didn't allow them to stay in the town and put them in Nwa La 
Bo concentration camp, along the car road north of Loikaw.  About 700 
people are presently in that site, and are reportedly receiving some
rationed 
rice but there is no medicine and the clinic is closed.

During June and July 1996 about 3,000 people arrived in Karenni refugee 
camps in Thailand, mainly in 'Camp 2', and after the rainy season 1,300 
more arrived in Camp 2, mainly from the relocation sites after a short
stay 
hiding near their village.  Families are still trickling in, though the
trip 
is extremely difficult and dangerous.  Some have died along the way.

At 2 a.m. on 3 January 1997, a force of between 20 and 50 men crossed 
into Thailand and attacked Camp 2, firing assault rifles, rocket-propelled 
grenades, M79 grenades, 60 mm. mortars and 2-inch mortars.  Three 
refugees were killed, 2 men and one woman, and at least 9 refugees were 
wounded.  The dead and wounded ranged in age from 14 to 60.  A 
statement and uniform left behind after the attack indicated that it had
been 
carried out by the Karenni National Democratic Army (KNDA), armed 
wing of the Karenni National Democratic Party (KNDP).  This 'splinter' 
organisation was formed on 5 November 1996 and allied itself with 
SLORC to fight against the KNPP.  While it claims to be independent, 
many people believe it was initiated by SLORC to divide the KNPP and as 
a front for use in attacking Thailand, just as the Democratic Kayin
Buddhist 
Army (DKBA) has been used to attack Karen refugee camps further south.  
Some refugees and KNPP officials believe that the attackers were actually 
SLORC soldiers using the name of KNDA and KNDP, which are based 
near Deemawso, far from the area of  Camp 2.

Details, maps, interviews and photos regarding the situation in these
areas 
will be available in an upcoming KHRG report and photo set.

                              - [END] -