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ILO: FORCED LABOUR IN BURMA-48



[ILO COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ON FORCED LABOUR IN BURMA, SLICE
48]

                          APPENDIX VIII

                                
     LIST OF DOCUMENTS RECEIVED IN THE COURSE OF THE VISIT 
                         TO THE REGION
  
___________________________________________
1)  Document number
2)  Title ([author/publisher] date of publication)
3)  Submitted by
4)  Page number (in Commission documentation)
___________________________________________                    
         

M1
A report of the influx of Arakanese refugees into Mizoram
State of India (13 August 1997)
Committee for Arakanese Refugees Relief and Welfare
6579

M2
Report on human rights violations in Arakan (Arakanese
Students Congress, 13 March 1995)
Committee for Arakanese Refugees Relief and Welfare
6603

M3
List of the Arakanese refugees of 1995 at Parava Camp in
Mizoram State of India (no source indicated)
Committee for Arakanese Refugees Relief and Welfare
6623

M4
List of the Arakanese refuges of 1993 and 1994 in Mizoram
State of India (no source indicated)
Committee for Arakanese Refugees Relief and Welfare
6633

M5
"Arakanese students hold rally" (National Herald
newspaper, 14 August 1995)
Committee for Arakanese Refugees Relief and Welfare
6645

M6
Brief account of forced labour on Arakanese (Rakhine)
people from Arakan State (present Burma)
Committee for Arakanese Refugees Relief and Welfare
6646

M7
Statement by Kyaw Thein Maung, Arakan League for
Democracy (ALD exile), Delhi office-in-charge
Kyaw Thein Maung
6648

M8
"Victims of eco-politics" (Ne Sun newspaper, 1 April
1996)
Kyaw Thein Maung
6649

M9
Chin refugee conditions in India (compiled by Salai Sang
Zel, April 1997)
Henri Val Theng
6650

M10
Photographs with captions
Salai Sang Zel
6806

M11
Map showing road between Haka and Than Tlang
Salai Sang Zel
6811

M12
Interview with Mr. Chi Nan (9 January 1998)
Salai Sang Zel
6812

M13
Article from Zo-En newspaper (in Mizo language) (8 July
1997)
Salai Sang Zel
6814

M14
Phuntungtu News Bulletin (18 August 1997)
Salai Sang Zel
6815

M15
Phuntungtu News Bulletin, (19 December 1997)
Salai Sang Zel
6818

M16
Phuntungtu (1 November 1997 (in Chin)) with English
translation
Salai Sang Zel
6820
 
M17
"The death of Tial Cung" (August 1997) and attached
documents
Salai Sang Zel
6846

M18
Photos of refugees in Mizoram (1996-97)
Salai Sang Zel
6850

M19
Photos and statement of the Arakanese Refugees Relief and
Welfare Committee (13 December 1997)
Committee for Arakanese Refugees Relief and Welfare
6851

M20
Protection to refugees: Case of Rohingya women (Oxfam, 29
December 1997)
Zulfiquar Ali Haider
6852

M21
Rohingya refugee programme health report (December 1997,
MSF-H) (source confidential)
6865

M22
MSF-H in Bangladesh (source confidential)
6867

M23
Refugee camps-Cox's Bazar-Teknaf-Bandarban districts,
Bangladesh
UNHCR
6869

M24
UNHCR map -- Location of the maps for remaining
Myanmarese refugees in Bangladesh
UNHCR
6870

M25
Communication dated 1 February 1998 given by an
unidentified person in Kutupalong refugee camp, addressed to
UNHCR, Geneva 
Anonymous source
6871

M26
Communication dated 9 January 1998 given by an
unidentified person in Kutupalong refugee camp, addressed to
UNHCR, Geneva
Anonymous source
6872

M27
Communication dated 30 January 1998 given by an
unidentified person in Kutupalong refugee camp, addressed to
UNHCR, Geneva
Anonymous source
6874

M28
SLORC order to provide labour (in Burmese) (original
sighted, this document is a true photocopy)
Anonymous source
6876

M29
UNHCR map giving an overview of northern Arakan State
with main towns  
UNHCR
6878

M30
Communication dated 31 January 1998 given by an
unidentified person in Nayapara refugee camp, addressed "to
whom it may concern"
Anonymous source
6879

M31
Communication dated 27 January 1998 given by an
unidentified person in Nayapara refugee camp, addressed to the
Organization of Islamic Countries
Anonymous source
6885

M32
Refugee Relief Programme report for the period
January-June 1997 (August 1997)
Burmese Border Consortium
6888

M33
Burmese border camp locations with population figures
(December 1997)
Burmese Border Consortium 
6948

M34
Forced labour practice by the SPDC in 1997
Human Rights Documentation Unit
6949

M35
Terror in the South: Militarisation, economics and human
rights in southern Burma
(ABSDF, November 1997)
Human Rights Documentation Unit
6967

M36
Briefing notes on the refugee camps in Thailand (general,
and Karenni State)
Images Asia
7017

M37
Exodus: An update on the current situation in Karenni
(compiled by Green November 32, for various sources, 18 August
1996)
Images Asia
7020
M38
Document in Burmese ("Violations of human rights") (KNPP,
January 1998)
Witness 99
7081

M39
Karenni song (Burmese and Karenni versions) (song sung by
Karenni workers doing forced labour, in Karenni language so
that the soldiers will not understand)
Witness 99
7084

M40
Independence and self-determination of the Karenni States
(Karenni National
Revolutionary Council, 18 December 1974; 9 January 1997
reprint by Karenni Government)
Oo Reh
7086

M41
Briefing notes on the refugee camps in Thailand, Shan
State
Images Asia
7166

M42
Forced labour briefing notes -- Karen areas (10 February
1998)
Karen Human Rights Group
7167

M43
Mae Tao Clinic annual report 1997 (1 January 1998)
Mae Tao Clinic
7177

M44
Dr. Cynthia's clinic and primary health care on the
Thai-Burma border
Mae Tao Clinic
7186

M45
The rape of the rural poor (Karen National Union,
Mergui-Tavoy District, July 1995)
Graham Mortimer
7188

M46
Development and the cry of people (Karen National Union,
Mergui-Tavoy District, December 1994)
Graham Mortimer
7242

M47
Map of Mergui-Tavoy district
Graham Mortimer
7284

M48
Map: "Displacement of population in Mergui Tavoy
district"
Graham Mortimer
7285

M49
KHRG No. 98-01 "Wholesale destruction" (15 February 1998)
and KHRG No. 98-41 "Information update" (25 February 1998)
Karen Human Rights Group
7286

M50
SLORC/SPDC orders to villages in Pa'an district (Burmese
originals with draft translations)
Karen Human Rights Group
7354

M51
Annotated map of Moulmein and briefing note regarding
some forced labour projects in Karen State (Royal Thai Survey
Dept. map, 1984, with annotations)
Min Lwin
7400

M52
Map of Moulmein (Royal Thai Survey Dept. map, 1984)
Min Lwin
7401

M53
Map of Amphoe Li (Royal Thai Survey Dept. map, 1986)
Min Lwin
7402

M54
Human rights practice in Burma (Human Rights
Documentation Unit, 1997)
NCGUB
7403

M55
Address of U Tin U, Chairman of the Central Legal
Committee of the National League for Democracy
NCGUB
7409

M56
SLORC continues ruthless atrocities (January 1998)
Mon Information Service
7417

M57
Briefing note on the situation in Tenasserim division
Mon Information Service
7432
 
M58
Map of Tenasserim division
Mon Information Service
7433

M59
Documents (in Burmese) on forced labour
Yoma 3 Information Group
7434

M60
Burma Issues statement of purpose
Burma Issues
7452

M61
The new eye 1997
Burma Issues
7460

M62
The 1997 offensives: Suffering and struggle for identity
and justice of the ethnic Karen in Burma (Moe K. Tun, Burma
Issues, 1997) 
Burma Issues
7550

M63
Burmese workers in Mahachai Samut Sakhorn Province,
Thailand (9 February 1998)
Thai Action Committee for Democracy in Burma
7588

M64
Exploitation of Burmese migrant workers by their brokers
and agents in Mahachai (12 June 1997)
Thai Action Committee for Democracy in Burma
7591

M65
A report on the situation at Mahachai police station,
Samut Sakhorn Province, Thailand (May 1997)
Thai Action Committee for Democracy in Burma
7595

M66
Implementation of community-based rehabilitation
(Mahachai pilot project area)
Karen Solidarity Organisation
7598

                 ********************************


                           APPENDIX IX

                         MAPS OF MYANMAR

               ***********************************

                            APPENDIX X

                NAMES, FOREIGN TERMS AND ACRONYMS
  


NAMES          COMMON VARIATIONS


Ayeyarwady     Irrawaddy
               
Azin           Saw Hta

Bagan          Pagan

Bago           Pegu

Dawei          Tavoy

Hinthada       Henzada

Kalaymyo       Kalay, Kale(myo)

Kayah          Karenni

Kayin          Karen

Kengtung       Kyaing Tong

Langkho        Langkher

Magway         Magwe

Maungdaw       Sinchaingbyin

Mawlamyine     Moulmein

Mottama        Martaban

Mrauk-U        Mrohaung

Myaing Gyi Ngu Khaw Taw

Myeik          Mergui, Beik

Nabu           T'Nay Cha

Nam Wok        Mong Kwan

Nyaungdone     Yandoon

Pathein        Bassein

Pyapon         Phapon

Pyay           Prome, Pyi

Pyin Oo Lwin   Maymyo

Pyingyi        Pingyi

Rakhine        Arakan

Sittaung       Sittang

Sittway        Akyab, Sittwe

Tanintharyi    Tenasserim

Taunggok       Taungup

Twantay        Twante

Way Sha        Kweshan

Yangon         Rangoon

Yatsauk        Lawksawk


Foreign terms

Baht        Thai currency (the exchange rate in July 1998 was
            approximately 40 baht to 1 US dollar) 

Hankaw      Tiffin-carrier (small trays stacked one on top     
            of the other, with a handle on top)

KaLaYa      Infantry battalion (IB)

KaMaYa      Light infantry battalion (LIB)

Khani       Unit of area (used particularly by Rohingyas):     
            8 khani is equal to approximately 3 acres (1.2     
            hectares)

Kyat        Myanmar currency (the exchange rate in July        
            1998 was approximately 300 kyat to 1 US dollar;    
            a typical day's labour wage was around 100 kyat    
            per day, the price of 1 kg of poor-quality         
            rice)

Kyin        Unit of volume (100 cubic feet)

Longyi      Sarong (worn by men and women)

Lone Htein  Riot police

NaSaKa      Border security force

Tatmadaw    Myanmar armed forces



ACRONYMS

ABSDF  All Burma Students Democratic Front

BSPP   Burma Socialist Program Party
 
CNF    Chin National Front
 
DKBA   Democratic Kayin Buddhist Army

FTUB   Federation of Trade Unions of Burma

HRDU   Human Rights Documentation Unit of the NCGUB

ICFTU  International Confederation of Free Trade Unions

KHRG   Karen Human Rights Group
 
KNU    Karen National Union
 
LORC   Law and Order Restoration Council
 
NCGUB  National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma
 
NMSP   New Mon State Party
 
PDC    Peace and Development Council
 
RSO    Rohingya Solidarity Organisation
 
SLORC  State Law and Order Restoration Council
 
SPDC   State Peace and Development Council
 
TLORC  Township LORC
 
VLORC  Village-tract LORC

            *****************************************
                                       
                           APPENDIX XI

           SAMPLES OF ORDERS RECEIVED BY THE COMMISSION

The translations which appear in this appendix are unofficial
translations made by the Commission's secretariat from the
original Burmese texts of the orders which were provided to
it. In the course of the hearings held during the Second
Session in Geneva, the originals of these orders were seen by
the Commission and the photocopies previously submitted were
verified to be true copies. See the statement made in this
regard in the stenographic record of the thirteenth sitting,
26 November 1997, page 1.


ORDER 1. [A copy of the original Burmese order can be found at
001-1913 (Order No. 42).] 

[STAMP] LIB 310, Intelligence

To: [...] village
Chairperson

1. Dear headman, for the report to No. 310 Light Infantry
Battalion, Column 2, you must deliver the following list to
Column 2 as soon as you can but at the latest 3 December
[1995]: 

   1.Village name 
   2.Total number of houses 
   3.[Number of] people aged under 12 (male/female) 
   4.[Number of] people aged 12 and above (male/female) 
   5.[Number of] schools: high, middle, primary 
   6.[Number of] teachers (male/female); total students
                 (male/female) 
   7.Total [number of] monasteries; abbot and other members 
   8.Total number of buffaloes and cows 
   9.Acreage of paddy fields 
  10.Total number of oxcarts and boats 
  11.Total [number of] ricemills, sawmills, oil presses,
     generators 
  12.Total number of video machines and televisions. 

2. We inform you that the Village-tract LORC Chairperson or
Secretary must come and deliver himself the above list without
fail.

Note: You must send it by the given date without fail.

                                                               
        (Signed) Column Commander,
                                                               
                        LIB 310.

______________________________________

ORDER 2. [A copy of the original Burmese order can be found at
001-1915 (Order No. 44).]

[STAMP] IB 231, Column 2

                                                               
                          3.9.94

To: [...] village

Monastery layman-in-charge/village head

Village leaders, as soon as [you] get this letter, [you] must
send 2 people to serve [in our camp] as promised. Moreover,
you must send 2 more people to take over from the previous
ones and you must also send back 2 people who ran away and did
not finish their duty. The fact that they went back [to the
village] is your responsibility and we consider that you did
not fulfil your duty.

The operation column warns you that if [these people] take the
opportunity to leave when the column is not around, we will
not take any responsibility [for what happens]. Should this
happen in the future, we will take action and you will be
charged with disturbing and causing delay to our military
operations. 

You have to take action to find those 2 undutiful servants,
and inform us when you have done so.

You must send them quickly to Column [...].

                                                               
                   (Signed) 3.4.94
                                                               
                    Column Office.

___________________________________

ORDER 3. [A copy of the original Burmese order can be found at
001-1933 (Order No. 6).]

To: Headman and members 

   1.This is the final letter. 

   2.This evening, 31-7-95, 22 voluntary labourers from [...]
     village must come without fail. 

   3.One of the village leaders must bring them himself. 

   4.If you fail to come, we will not take any responsibility
     for [...] village. Headman, you yourself must come and    
     solve this problem at Ye Tho Gyi army camp. 

[STAMP] Infantry Battalion 48

                                                               
       (Signed) Company Commander.

______________________________________

ORDER 4. [A copy of the original Burmese order can be found at
001-2015 (Order No. 19).]

[STAMP] Infantry Battalion 231, Column 1

To: Village headwoman

[...] village

Subject: Invitation for a meeting

This is the last invitation, because we have invited you,
headwoman, many times to discuss general matters. If you do
not come, you will be at fault, and then don't think the army
is bullying you [sc. when you are punished]. If no one comes,
action will be taken. If nobody comes this time, [you] will be
destroyed by an artillery attack. If you come, you must arrive
on the 3rd waxing of Nadaw [5 December 1994]. If you do not
come a large [artillery shell] will be sent. One person from
each family must come to the meeting without fail.

You are informed to bring one basket of rice and 2 viss [3.2
kg] of chicken from [...] village.

                                                               
    (Signed) Warrant Officer Htun Win,
                                                               
                   Frontline IB231,
                                                               
                Daw Pa Lan Camp.

_____________________________________


ORDER 5. [A copy of the original Burmese order can be found at
028-2352 (Order No. 2).]

                    Township Law and Order Restoration Council
                    Thantlang
                    Ref. [...]
                    Date: 24 April 1996

To: Person responsible
Ward/Village-tract Law and Order Restoration Council
[...] ward/village

Subject: Regarding widening the motor road by 20 feet

  
Reference:
           
          Letter [...] from this office dated 18/1/96
          Letter [...] from this office dated 26/2/96
          Letter [...] from this office dated 29/2/96
          Letter [...] from this office dated 4/4/96


1. In accordance with the resolution of the meeting which was
attended by members of the Township Law and Order Restoration
Council, department heads and all those in charge from the
villages, the work assignments to widen the road by 20 feet
between Thantlang and Haka shall be completed during April
1996. You have already been informed that we will take serious
action against any village which cannot finish its assignment.
This has been frequently acknowledged by letter and by
spoken communication.

2. However, we note that as of today, 24/4/96, you have not
yet started. This assignment is a national duty and is also
regional development. We have already given you enough time to
do it. Furthermore, the Township Law and Order Restoration
Council assisted as much as we could towards all of your
needs. If you give any reason, such as that you came late and
could not fulfil your assignment building the motor road, we
will not accept it. 


3. We hereby inform you to complete the building of the road
in April using all villagers necessary from your village.
Anyone who refuses to come to build the road shall be punished
according to the law, and you should inform this office. We
hereby inform you again to report to the Township Law and
Order Restoration Council when you go to build the road. We
hereby inform any villages which cannot come to do [the work]
by 26/4/96 that all members of the Village Law and Order
Restoration Council must come and meet with the Chairperson of
the Township Law and Order Restoration Council on 30/4/96 at
10 am without fail. 

                                                               
                 (Signed) Tin Aung,
                                                               
                      Chairperson.

Copy to: 

-     Township engineer, public works department, Thantlang;
assign a place when [the villagers] come to report to
Thantlang 

- Township health department, Thantlang; take responsibility   
for health care 

- Office copy 

- Receipt 

__________________________________

ORDER 6. [A copy of the original Burmese order can be found at
018-2189 (Order No. 2).]

[STAMP] Frontline LIB 406, Column 1 Headquarters

                       Frontline Light Infantry Battalion 406
                       Natkyizin Camp
                       Ref. No. [...]
                       Date: 4 November 1994

To: Chairperson
Village Law and Order Restoration Council
[...] village

Subject: Call for the village head and labourers.

1. Regarding the above subject, we already called many times
for the headman of [...] village and 25 villagers for railway
labour to come to Natkyizin camp.

2. Therefore, as soon as you receive this letter the headman
and 25 people, along with rations and necessary equipment,
must come without fail.

3. Along with this letter we are sending some presents for the
[village] chairperson and secretary. If you get these
presents, come here with them quickly. If you fail to come,
see what kind of present we will come and give the village
headman.

                                                               
    (Signed) (for) Column Commander,
                                                               
                   Natkyizin Camp.

[The source which provided this order indicated that the
"presents" mentioned in the text of the order and enclosed
with it were two bullets.]

______________________________

ORDER 7. [A copy of the original Burmese order can be found at
018-2190 (Order No. 3).]

[STAMP] Frontline LIB 406, Column 1 Headquarters

                                             94 Nov. 09 - 0900
                                             (9-11-94)

To: Chairperson/Secretary

([...] village)

[We] have to have a discussion with the [village] chairperson
and secretary. Therefore, come personally to Natkyizin camp.
[We] give you your last chance to come without fail on
15-11-94. If you really work on behalf of the village people,
you must come without fail. If you fail, it will be your
responsibility. 

If you don't come because you are afraid of Mon rebels, we the
Army must show you that we are worse than Mon rebels.

                                                               
    (Signed) (for) Column Commander,
                                                               
                   Natkyizin Camp.


____________________________________

ORDER 8. [A copy of the original Burmese order can be found at
027-2317 (Order No. 24).]

[STAMP] Infantry Battalion 62 [rest illegible] Date: 11-3-96

To: Chairperson
[...] village

As soon as you receive this letter, come and meet at Chaung Wa
village. I warn you that if you make excuses and fail to come,
violent action will be taken against you.

                                                               
        (Signed) Intelligence Sergeant,
                                                               
                Infantry Battalion 62.


__________________________________

ORDER 9. [A copy of the original Burmese order can be found at
028-2361 (Order No. 11).]

                    Township Law and Order Restoration Council
                    Thantlang
                    Ref. No. [...]
                    Date: 2 September 1995


To: Chairperson/Secretary/In-Charge
Village-tract Law and Order Restoration Council
[...] town/village

Subject: To set up People's Militia and send their names
quickly

1. It has been learned that some villages of Thantlang
township have not formed People's Militia. For those villages
which have not yet set up People's Militia, they must set up 5
full-time members and 10 reserve members from villages which
have under 50 households. From villages which have over 50
households, the strength will be 10 full-time members and 25
reserve members. Set it up quickly and fill out the list
completely as shown below. We inform you to do this and send
it to our group without fail.

2. If you fail to send this [we] will take decisive action.

People's Militia

Serial No. Name Age ID Card No. Village Name Full-time Reserve
Remarks

                                                               
           (Signed) (for) Chairperson,
                                                               
            Kyin Za Pone, Secretary.

Copy to: Receipt/Office

____________________________________-

ORDER 10. [A copy of the original Burmese order can be found
at 028-2362 (Order No. 12).]

                    Township Law and Order Restoration Council
                    Thantlang
                    Ref. No. [...]
                    Date: 5 April 1996

To: Chairperson/In-Charge
Ward/Village-tract Law and Order Restoration Council
[...] town/village

Subject: People's Militia recruit training

Reference: IB 266 letter dated [...] March 1996, Ref. No.
[...]

1. As per the above reference, the full-time members of the
People's Militia from your village will be given combat
training in the warfare course from 22/4/96 to 27/4/96.
Therefore, 5 full-time people from villages of under 50
households and 10 full-time people from villages of over 50
households must be brought to the Township LORC office by the
village-tract secretaries by the deadline of 20/4/96,
absolutely without fail.

2. The chairpersons of the village-tracts and the leaders of
the People's Militia groups must come to this office for
preliminary discussions on 12/4/96 at 10 am, without fail.

3. We inform all concerned leaders from wards and villages
when they come to this office for the meeting on 12/4/96 to
bring along the People's Militia list including names, dates
of birth, ages, National Identification Card numbers, father's
names and village names.

                                                               
                 (Signed) Tin Aung,
                                                               
                      Chairperson.

Copy to: Receipt/Office

_____________________________

ORDER 11. [A copy of the original Burmese order can be found
at H25-6512 (Order No. 12).]

[STAMP] "Precisely, correctly and quickly"

                    Township Law and Order Restoration Council
                    Kya In Seik Gyi
                    Letter No. [...]
                    Date: 10 March 1994


To: Chairperson/Village head
Ward/Village Law and Order Restoration Council
Kay In Seik Gyi township

Subject: Prohibiting bullock carts on motor roads

Reference: TLORC letter dated 23-2-94, Letter No. [...]

1. Regarding the above subject, we have already informed you
by the letter referenced above that bullock carts are
prohibited from using the car roads. Instead, they must use
the track cut beside the car road.

2. Any bullock carts found using the car road will be fined
500 kyat in accordance with article 4, paragraph (e) decided
by the Township Road Construction Supervision Committee on
8-3-94.

3. Therefore, notify the people in your village to act
according to these instructions so that unnecessary problems
do not occur.

                                                               
               (Signed) Chairperson.

Copy to: - Infantry Battalion 32, Kya In Seik Gyi 

         - Township Officer, Township Police Station, Kya In   
           Seik Gyi 

         - Receipt/Office copy 


              *************************************
             

                          APPENDIX XII

ORDER BY THE CHAIRMAN OF THE STATE LAW AND ORDER RESTORATION
COOUNCIL (SLORC) ON THE SUBJECT OF "PROHIBITING UNPAID LABOUR
CONTRIBUTIONS IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS" DATED 2 JUNE
1995

                              SECRET

                        Union of Myanmar
                                
          The State Law and Order Restoration Council
                                
                     Office of the Chairman

                                                               
                             No. 125/Na Wa Ta (00)/Nyaka -- 2
                                           Dated: 2 June 1995


To,

     State/Division Law and Order Restoration Councils

Subject: Prohibiting unpaid labour contributions in national
development projects 

1. It has been learnt that in obtaining labour from the local
populace in carrying out national development projects, such
as construction of roads, bridges and railways as well as
building of dams and embankments, the practice is that they
have to contribute labour without compensation.

2. In fact, these projects have been carried out with a view
to furthering the welfare of the local people. As such, it is
imperative that in obtaining the necessary labour from the
local people, they must be paid their due share.

3. Causing misery and sufferings to the people in rural areas
due to the so-called forced and unpaid labour is very much
uncalled for. The sufferings of the people may in turn create
misperception, misunderstanding and misjudgement of the
Government and the Tatmadaw (armed forces).

4. Therefore, it is hereby instructed that the authorities
concerned at different levels make proper supervisions so as
to avoid undesirable incidents.

                                                               
         (Signed) Lt. Col. Phay Nyein
                                                               
                  (for the Secretary)

Copy to: 

          Ministry of Agriculture
          Ministry of Railways
          Ministry of Construction


               ************************************

[END OF SLICE 48]