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CRPP REPORT page 57-64
pmrsufESm(57-64)txd
jrefrmuav;rsm;ESifh ynma&;
ed'gef;
ynma&;qdkonfrSm vl@b0todOm%fºuG,f0apzdk@ESifh wdk;wufom,mapzdk@jzpfonf?
vlwdk@.
,Ofaus;r_orkdif;a=umif;wdk;wufvmonfESifhtr#/ ynma&;qkdif&m vkyfief;rsm;onfvnf;
xyfcsyfruGmwdk;wufvmcJhavonf? ta&;/ tzwf/ twGufomru E_wfr_ twwfynm/
vufr_twwfynmESifh/pufr_twwfynmrsm;onfvnf;wkd;wufvmcJhonf? wkdif;jynfwpfjynf
wdk;wuf&eftwGuf uav;oli,frsm;. ynma&;/ oif=um;r_wdk;wufa&;wdk@rSm
r&SdrjzpfvdktyfvSayonf? xdka=umifhvnf; urBmhukvor*~tjynfjynfqkdif&m
vltcGifhta&;a=unmpmwrf;tykd'f(26)wGif Todk@azmfjyxm;avonf?
(1)vlwkdif;vlwkdif;onfynmoif,lEkdifcGifh&Sdonf?
tenf;qHk;rlvwef;ESifhtajccHynmtqifhtwef;rsm;wGif ynmoif=um;a&;onf
tcrJhjzpf&rnf? rlvwef;ynmonf roifrae&ynmjzpf&rnf?
pufr_vufr_ynmESifhtoufarG;r_ynmrsm;udk a,bl,stm;jzifh oif=um;&,lEkdifap&rnf?
xdk@jyiftxufwef;ynmt&nftcsif;udk tajcðyI wlnDaom tcGifhta&;&&Sdap&rnf?
(2)ynmoif=um;a&;wdk@twGuf vlom;wdk@. p±kdufvuQ%mtjynfht0
wdk;wufr_tjyifvltcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfykdifcGifh/ &kdaoav;pm;r_wdk@udk
&SifoefzGH@òzd;vmap&ef&nf&G,fI oif=um;ap&rnf? ynmoif=um;a&;onf
EkdifiHtm;vHk;wdk@wGifvnf;aumif;/ vlrsm;pkwGifvnf;aumif;/
bmoma&;toif;tzGJ@rsm;wGifvnf;aumif;/ tcsif;csifemvnfr_/ onf;cHr_ESifh
cifrif&ifESD;r_wdk@udk tm;ay;&rnf? xdk@jyif+idrf;csrf;a&;wnfwef@atmif
aqmif&Guf&eftvdk@iSm ukvor*~. aqmif&Gufr_rsm;udkvnf;
jzpfajrmufatmiftm;ay;&rnf?
(3) rdbwdk@wGif rdrdwdk@. uav;rsm;oif,l&rnfh ynmtrsdK;tpm;rsm;udk
a&G;cs,fEkdifaom vufOD;tcGifhta&;&Sdonf? 1989ck/ Ekd0ifbmv(20)&ufae@wGif
urBmhukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcH}uD;wGif
uav;oli,ftcGifhta&;rsm;qkdif&moabmwlpmcsKyfudk csKyfqkdifEkdifcJhonf?
xdkoabmwlpmcsKyfonf 1990/ pufwifbmv(2)&ufae@wGif pwiftouf0ifvmcJh+yD; 1991/
Zlvdkufv (16)&ufae@wGif jrefrmEkdifiHu vufcHtwnfðycJhonf? xdkoabmwlpmcsKyf
tydk'f 28§1 tykd'fcGJ(u)ESifh(i)wdk@wGif atmufygtwkdif;azmfjyxm;onf?
Article 28/1(a)
Make primary education compulsory and available.
rlvwef;ynmoif=um;a&;udk roifrae&jzpf+yD; vlwkdif;/ vlwkdif; tzdk@tcrJh
jzpfae&ef?
Article 28/1(e)
Take measures to cncourage regular attendance at school and the reduction of
drop-out rates.
ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;rSefrSefwufEkdif&ef tm;ay;csD;ajr?mufI
ausmif;xGufE_H;rsm;avsmhenf;ap&efpDrHr_rsm;ðyvkyfaqmif&Guf&ef?
uav;oli,frsm; tcGifhta&;qkdif&m oabmwlpmcsKyfudk axmufulaomtm;jzifh
1990ckESpf/
xkdif;EkdifiH/ *srfwD,H (JOMTIEN)nDvmcHðyvkyfI The World Declaration on
Education For All tm;vHk;twGufynma&;/ urBmvHk;qkdif&m a=unmcsufudk
xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? xdknDvmcHrS tajccH avhvmoif=um;r_vdktyfcsufrsm;(Frame
work
for Action to Meet Basic Learning Needs) udk jznfhqD;Ekdif&ef
aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf
tajccH vkyfief;tcsuftvufrsm;xGufay:vmcJhonf?*srfwD,H (JOMTIEN) a=unmcsufY
jrifhrm;aom &nf&G,fcsufyef;wkdif&Sdonf? wdusaom tcsdefZ,m;&Sdonf? 1990ckESpfrS
2000txd q,fpkESpfumvwpfcktwGif; ouU&mZf 2000wGif/ vlwkdif;
ynmwwfajrmufa&;yef;wkdif ( Education For ALL EFA-2000 Goal)jzpfonf?
*srfwD,H (JOMTIEN)nDvmcHrS csrSwfcJhaom (Frame work for Action to Meet Basic
Learning Needs)wGif vkyfief;OD;wnfcsufajcmufcsuf&Sdonf? ,if;teufrS tcsdK@udk
azmfjyygrnf?
-qif;&JEGrf;ygaom rdom;pk/ tajctaeedrfhusolrsm;/ roefrpGrf;oluav;oli,frsm;
tygt0if Eke,fi,f&G,fpOf uav;rsm;tm;ykdrdk us,fjyef@aom apmifha&Smufr_ay;&ef?
- ouU&mZf 2000wGif wurBmvHk;&Sdaumif;om;t&G,fvli,frsm; tenf;qHk;tajccH
rlvwef;ynmwwfajrmuf+yD;pD;&ef?
-ouU&Zf 2000wGifpmrwwfolOD;a&udk 1990ckESpf&Sdouf}uD; pmrwwfolOD;a&.
xuf0ufodk@avsmhcs&ef?
-trsdK;orD;pmrwwfolE_H;avsmhcs&ef ynmoif=um;a&;Y usm;§r cGJjcm;&ef? ponfjzifh
OD;wnfcsufrsm;csrSwfcJhonf?
tykdif;(1)
rlvwef;ynmoif=um;a&;onf roifrae&jzpf+yD;/ vlwkdif;vlwkdif;tzkd@ tcrJh
jzpfap&rnf[lI jyXmef;cJhonfhwkdif jrefrmhuav;oli,frsm;rnfr#
tusdK;cHpm;r_&Sdoenf;? qef;ppfðyvkyf&efvdkayonf?a&S;OD;pGm jrefrmEkdifiH.
yuwdtajctaeudk rSwfom;xm;&ayrnf?
BASIC EDUCATION IN MYANMAR (September 1997)
BASIC INFORMATION 1997
trSwfpOf ta=umif;t&m
1? {&d,mtus,ft0ef; 261228 pwk&ef;rkdif
6765777 pwk&ef; uDvdkrDwm
2? vlOD;a& 46.4 oef;
3? vlOD;a&xlxyfr_ 66 a,muf§8-uDvdkrDwm
4? aus;vufaeol 75 µ
5? ESpfpOfvlOD;a&wdk;wufE_H; 18.4 µ
6? vlrsdK;EG,f 135
7? ajymonfhbmompum; 100
?8? touf(14)ESpfatmuf 35 µ
9? trsdK;om;wpfOD;csif;0ifaiG 263 usyf
? Labour Dept: & UNICEF report on working Children & Women -(Page-1)
Labour Dept: & UNICEF report on working Children & Women -(Page-1)
jrefrmEkdifiH rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef; ynma&;vkyfief; rsm;udk
tajccHynmOD;pD;Xme txufjrefrmEkdifiH/ tajccHynmOD;pD;XmeatmufjrefrmEkdifiH/
tajccHynmOD;pD;Xme/ &efukefwkdif;[lI tajccHynma&;udk
OD;pD;Xme(3)pkcGJpDrHuGyfuJa=umif;awG@&Sd&onf?
ynmoifESpf Academic Year (AY)udk ZGefvrS rwfvtxd owfrSwf+yD;
ynmoifESpf(AY)twGif; ausmif;zGifh&ufudk (199)&uf&Sdonf[k owfrSwfxm;onf?
1996§97ckESpftwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;&Sd
ausmif;aygif; q&maygif;ESifh ausmif;om;aygif;udk rSwfwrf;wifxm;Ekdifonf?
1996§1997pmoifESpf
ausmif; q&m ausmif;om;
rlvwef; 35799 154062 5153000
tv,fwef; 2087 53959 1571000
txufwef; 922 15510 405000
aygif; 38080 223531 7129000
Z,m;ygudef;*%ef;rsm;t& 1996§1997pmoifESpfwGif rlvwef;ausmif;wpfausmif;vsif/
ausmif;om;144&Sd+yD;/ rlvwef;q&mwpfOD;vsif ausmif;om; 33.31a,muf&Sdonf[k
wGufcsufEkdifonf?
ausmif; ; ausmif;om;
1 ; 144
q&m ; 33.31
1997 ckESpf/ jrefrmEkdifiH. vlOD;a&onf 46.4oef;&Sd+yD;/
15ESpfatmufuav;oli,frSm
35µ*odk@r[kwf 16.24oef;&Sdonf? txufyg Z,m;rS
rlvwef;ausmif;om;ESifhtv,fwef;ausmif;om;ESpf&yfaygif;rSm
6724000(6.7)oef;jzpf&m/ 15ESpfatmufuav;(16.4-9.7)] 9.5 oef;r# aysmufaea=umif;
pm&if;Z,m;rsm;t&od&SdEkdifonf? xdkuav;rsm;rSm (0-1)ESpfatmufuav;rsm;
(1-5)ig;ESpfatmuf/ ausmif;roGm;rDuav;rsm; (Pre School Going
Children)rusef;rmolrsm;ESifhausmif;raeolESifh ausmif;rS
xGufvdkuf&olrsm;jzpf=uonf?
# 1992ckESpfrS 1997ckESpftvdkuf rlvwef;ESifhtv,fwef;ausmif;om;OD;a& » 100
twef; 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97
rlvwef; 5919 5896 5531 5337 5153
tv,fwef; 1109 1159 1358 1475 1571
ausmif;qufwuf&mckdifE_ef; 19.43µ 232. 04µ 26-48µ 29-43µ
rlvwef;rS tv,fwef;odk@ wufoGm;olysrf;r#&mE_H; ] 24. 59
? Basic Education in Myanmar, September, 1997(page-5)
DEPI:of Labour ??UNICEF, EXPORT ON WORKING CHILDREN& WOMEN(PAGE-1)
# BaSIC EDUCATION In Myanmar, September, 1997(TABLE-5)
txufygZ,m;ygudef;rsm;t& rlvwef;ausmif;om; (100)v#if tv,fwef;odk@wufI
qufvufynmoifolrSm 24.95a,muf(odk@r[kwf)25a,mufjzpf+yD; tv,fwef;odk@
ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh/ qufvufynmroif=um;ol(odk@r[kwf)ausmif;xGufvdkuf&olrSm
75.41a,muf(odk@r[kwf)75a,mufjzpfonf[k t=urf;tm;jzifh rSwfom;Ekdifonf?
Tudef;*%ef;rsm;udk tvkyform;0ef}uD;XmeESifh (UNICEF)wdk@yl;wGJwifoGif;aom
tpD&ifcHpmyg REPORt ON WORKING CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN MYANMAR'S URBAN INFORMAL
SECTOR ygudef;*%ef;rsm;ESifh,SOfwGJavhvmoifhonf? xdktpD&ifcHpm
(pmrsufESm-50)wGif 27µaom jrefrmuav;i,frsm;om rlvwef;ausmif;+yD;=u+yD;/ 34µrSm
ausmif;xGufvdkuf=u.? 39µrSm ausmif;0ifpm&if;rwifoGif;olrsm;jzpf=uonf[kqkd.?
tvkyform;0ef}uD;XmeESifhUNICEFwdkyl;aygif;I 1994ck/ atmufwdkbmvrS 1995ck/
pufwifbmvtwGif;okawoewpfckðyvkyfcJh=uonf? &efukefwkdif;twGif;rSm
awmifOuUvmyòrd@e,fESifhv_difom,mòrd@e,f/ rEWav;wkdif;twGif;rS
csrf;ajrhompnfòrd@e,fESifhjynf}uD;wHcGefòrd@e,frsm;wGif jzpf+yD;/
tdrfaxmifpkaygif; 700&Sd uav;i,faygif;1163a,mufay: qef;ppfavhvmcJh=uonf?
xdkuav;rsm;udk touftvdkuf tkyfpkESpfpkcGJjcm;+yD; wpfpkrSm touf(5-9)jzpf+yD;
tjcm;wpfpkrSm touf(10-14)ESpftxdjzpfonf?
?awmifOuUyv/ v_difom,m/ csrf;jrompnf/ jynf}uD;wHcGef&Sd
(5-9)EspfESifh (10-14)ESpf&Sduav;oli,frsm;.
ynmoif=um;r_qkdif&mZ,m;
twef; 5-9ESpf 10-14ESpf aygif;(&mE_Hµ)
ausmif;wufaeol 330 377 707
79.1µ 50.5µ 60.8µ
ausmif;xGufol 23 333 356
5.5µ 44.6µ 30.6µ
ausmif;0ifpm&if; 64 36 100
roGif;ol 15.53µ 4.8µ 8.6µ
Z,m;ygpkpkaygif; 417 746 1163
35.9µ 64.1µ 100µ
txufygZ,m;udk=unfh±_avhvmv#if/ awmifOuUvmy/ v_difom,m/ csrf;jrompnfESifh
jynf}uD;wHcGefòrd@e,frsm;rS touf(14)ESpfatmufuav; 1163a,mufteufrS
ausmif;xGuf&ol 356a,mufjzpf+yD; &mckdifE_H;tm;jzifh 30.6jzpfa=umif;od&.?
? DEPT OF LABOUR&UNICEF REPORT ON WORKING CHILDRE (PAGE 51,TABLE 19)
5-14ESpfatmufuav;oli,f 1163teufrS 356a,mufokd@r[kwf 30.6aom olrsm;onf
rnfonfhta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh ausmif;rS xGufvkduf&onfudk
tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xmewdk@rS qufvufavhvmxm;onfudk awG@&Sd&onf?
? uav;oli,frsm;ausmif;xGuf&jcif;t"duta=umif;t&if;rsm;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
ausmif;xGuf&jcif;ta=umif; 5 - 9ESpf 10 - 14ESpf OD;a& (&mE_H; µ)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
rwwfEkdif 20/ 87µ 185 / 55.6µ 205 / 57.6µ
tdrfr_udpP 11/ 3.3µ 11 / 3.1µ
uav;xdef; 1/ 4.3µ 5 / 1.5µ 6 / 1.7µ
tdrf.pD;yGm;a&;vkyfiefrsm; 1/ 4.3µ 16/ 4.8µ 17 / 4.8µ
ae@pm;vkyf ------ 40/ 12µ 40 / 11.1µ
roefpGrf;§zsm;em 1/ 4.3µ 6 / 1.8µ 7 / 2µ
pD;yGm;a&;pwifvkyf ------ 4 / 1.2µ 4 / 1.1µ
ausmif;Y pdwf0ifpm;r_r&Sd ------- 56/ 16.8µ 56 / 15.7µ
ausmif;ynmtoHk;r0if ------- 1 / 0.3µ 1 / 0.3µ
tjcm; ------- 9 / 0.7µ 9 / 2.5µ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
aygif; 23/ 6.5µ 333/ 93.5µ 356 / 100µ
------------------------------------------------------------------------
txufygZ,m;udk =unfh±_avhvmv#if qef;ppfol(1163)a,mufteufrS 356a,muf
&mckdifE_H;tm;jzifh(30.6)onf ausmif;xGufvdkuf=u&+yD; xkdausmif;xGufol
356a,mufteufrS 205a,mufodk@r[kwf 57.6µonf ausmif;pm;&dwfrwwfEkdifI ausmif;rS
xGufvdkuf=u&onf[kqkd.? xkdausmif;xGufol 356a,mufteufrS 23a,mufrSm
5-9ESpftouftkyfpkjzpf+yD; xkdtouftkyfpkrS ausmif;om; 20okd@r[kwf87µrSm
ausmif;p&dwfrwwfEkdifI xGufonf[kqdkjyefonf? xdkausmif;p&dwfrsm;rSm
ausmif;oifyHkESdyfpmtkyf/ Avmpmtkyf/ pma&;ud&d,m/ rdbq&mtoif;. ESpfpOfa=u;/
ausmif;ESifhausmif;aqmifae&m xkdifcif;wkd;wufa&;twGuf xnfh0if&aom
&efyHkaiGponfwdk@jzpfonf[k tvkyform;0ef}uD;XmeESifh UNICEF wdk@rS okawoDrsm;u
azmfjyxm;onf? ausmif;wlnD0wfpHka=u;/ tcsdefykdoif=um;a&;rsm;udkvnf;
xnfhwGuf&rnfjzpfonf?
ausmif;xGufol 356a,mufteufrS 56a,muf(15.7µ)onf ausmif;Y
pdwf0ifpm;r_r&SdIxGufonf[kqdkonf?
txufazmfjyygZ,m;onf avhvmqef;ppfol 1163a,mufteuf ausmif;wufae&mrS
ausmif;xGufol
356a,muftajctaeudkazmfjyxm;+yD; (ausmif;rwwfol)ausmif;0ifpm&if;rwifoGif;ol
100wdk@. tajctaejyZ,m;udk qufvufazmfjyygrnf/ (rlvZ,m;wGif òrd@e,ftvdkufoD;jcm;
azmfjyxm;aomfvnf; Tpmwrf;Y òrd@e,frsm;udk aygif;I
&v'fudef;*%ef;udkomOD;pm;ay;azmfjyxm;onf?)
?(5-14)ausmif;0ifpm&if;rwifoGif;&jcif;ta=umif;t&if;rsm;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
ta=umif;&if;rsm; OD;a& (&mE_H;µ)
rwwfEkdif 57 57µ
tdrfr_udpPul 1 1µ
uav;xdef; 2 2µ
tdrf. pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; 1 1µ
ae@pm;vkyf 1 1µ
roefpGrf;§zsm;em 5 5µ
pD;yGm;a&;pwifvkyf - -
ausmif;Y pdwf0ifpm;r_r&Sd 9 9µ
ausmif;ynmtoHk;r0if 1 1µ
tjcm; 23 23µ
aygif; 100 100µ
txufyg Z,m;ukd=unfv#if touf5-14ESpf&Sduav;oli,f.
ausmif;0ifpm&if;rwifoGif;olaygif; 100wGif/ rwwfEkdifI ausmif;rwufEkdifol
57a,muf(odk@r[kwf)57µ&Sdonfudk odEkdifonf?
xkdpm&if;roGif;ol 100teufrS 9a,mufokd@r[kwf 9µonf ausmif;ynm&yfY
pdwf0ifpm;r_r&Sda=umif;azmfjyxm;onf? azmfjyygZ,m; 1µaom olwkd@onf
ausmif;ynmtoHk;r0if[k,lqxm;=uojzifh ausmif;0ifpm&if;rwifoGif;awmha=umif;
od&ayonf?
rnfodk@yifqdkapausmif;wufae&if;rS/ ausmif;xGufvdkuf&olrsm;teufrS / xuf0ufausmf
57.6µESifhausmif;0ifpm&if;rwifoGif;olrsm;teufrS xuf0ufausmf 57µrSm
ausmif;ae&ef
rwwfEkdifolrsm;jzpfa=umif;awG@&Sd&onf?
1997ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiH. vlOD;a&onf 46.4oef;jzpfI ESpfpOf vlOD;a&wdk;E_H;
(POPULATION ANNUAL GROWTH RATE)rS 1.84µjzpfonf? TE_H;udk yifr_rlaoxm;I
wGufvdkufv#if 1997rS 2002xdaemif 5ESpf=umv#if rlvwef;ausmif;okd@0ifrnfh
(5)ESpft&G,f uav;i,faygif; 8odef; 5aomifausmf &Sdvmrnfjzpfa=umif;
óudwifwGufcsufcef@rSef;xm;Ekdifonf?
1999ckESpf/ EkdifiHawmf. b¾maiGtoHk;qkdif&mOya'udk 1999ck/ rwfv30&ufae@wGif
xkwfjyefjyXmef;vdkufonf? xdkOya'jyXmef;csuft& EkdifiHawmf. b¾maiGtoHk;rsm;udk
0ef}uD;XmetvdkufavhvmoHk;oyfEkdifonf?
? DEPT OF LABOUR & UNICEF REPORT ON WORKING CHILDREN & WOMEN (PAGE 61,
TABLE 28)
0ef}uD;Xmersm;ESifh OD;pD;Xmersm;b¾mtoHk;aiGrsm;
ta=umif;t&m omrefoHk;aiG &mE_H; aiGvHk;aiG&if;oHk;aiG &mE_H;
umuG,fa&; 17 538 204 490 40 14222 999 900 41.1
ynma&; 6 155 600 000 14.1 2 647 713 000 7.7
tjcm;aom0ef}uD;XmeESifh ------------- --- ---------- ---
OD;pD;Xmersm;
0ef}uD;Xmersm;ESifh
OD;pD;Xmersm;. 43 633 284 220 100 34 332 321 890 100 pkpkaygif;
umuG,f - ynm ] 11 382 604 490 11 575 286 900
txufygZ,m;udk=unfh±_avhvmv#ifumuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xmeonf 0ef}uD;Xmersm;/
OD;pD;Xmersm;tm;omrefoHk;aiG. 40µudkoHk;xm;a=umif;awG@&Sd&+yD;/
0ef}uD;Xmersm;/
OD;pD;Xmersm;tm;vHk;aygif;aiGvHk;aiG&if;oHk;aiG. 41.1µudk
oHk;a=umif;awG@&onf?
ynma&;0ef}uD;Xmeonf 0ef}uD;Xmersm;ESifh
OD;pD;Xmersm;tm;vHk;aygif;omrefoHk;aiG.
7.7µudkom oHk;a=umif;awG@&Sd&onf?
umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xmeonf 0ef}uD;Xmexuf omrefoHk;aiGwGif 1138 ukaÉausmfvnf;
ydkrdkoHk;pGJxm;a=umif; avhvmawG@&SdEkdifonf?
tykdif;(2)
rlvwef;ynmoif=um;a&;udk roifrae&jzpf+yD;/ vlwkdif;vlwkdif; tzdk;tcrJhjzpfap&ef
jyXmef;xm;onf? jrefrmEkdifiH&Sduav;oli,frsm;udk
TjyXmef;csuftwkdif;rnfr#tusdK;cHpm;cGifh&&Sd=uonfudkavhvmqef;ppfzdk@vkdayonf?
ausmif;ac:csdefrSm 199&uf? pmoifESpfwpfESpf (AY) udkZGefvrS p+yD; rwfv
txdjzpfonf? ausmif;ac:csdefESifhtnD oif&kd;nGef;wef;rsm;udkvnf; qGJ=u&onf?
odk@rSomvsif ESpfqHk;v#if ausmif;om;wpfa,mufynm&nfrnfr# wdk;wufoGm;onf[k
owfrSwfEkdifayonf? ausmif;rsm; r=umc%ydwfae&v#if ausmif;ac:csdef 199&ufonf
jynfrDEkdifrnfr[kwf? xdk@a=umifh wpfESpftwGif; oif=um;&rnfh
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a=umifhvnf;aumif; /
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