CRPP REPORT page 25-32

[yadana98@xxxxxxxxxx]

pmrsufESm(25-32)txd
tm&St,f'DpDjzpfaeygonf? xdk@a=umifh tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;.
,ae@vuf&SdpD;yGm;a&;tqifhodk@a&muf&SdEkdif&ef/ jrefrmEkdifiHu
txl;óud;pm;&rnfjzpfygonf?
(*)uef@owfaps;E_H;rsm;jzifh a&mif;0,fEkdifjcif;?
(C)OD;pm;ay;cH&jcif;
(i)tjyeftvSeftm;,ljcif;?
tp&Sdaom tcGifhta&;rsm;&Sdygonf? tpdk;&ydkifaom vkyfief;rsm;ESifhtpdk;&ESifh
qkdifaom vkyfief;rsm;onf jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;pepfudk vuf0g;}ud;tkyfI
OD;aqmifaeygonf? yk*~vduvkyfief;&Sifppfppfrsm;onf
'kwd,wef;pm;vkyfief;jzpf+yD;vsifvspfv#L±_jcif;cH&ygonf?
pD;ygm;a&;vGwfvyf&efTppfwyfvuf0g;}uD;tkyfpD;yGm;a&;uGef,ufudk zsuf&rnf?
xdk@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDrS 
(1)EkdifiHykdifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk pepfwuszsufodrf;rnf?
(2)tpdk;&XmeESifhtzGJ@trsm;ykdifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk zsufodrf;rnf?
(3)pD;yGm;a&;udkom OD;wnfI tpdk;&ESifh vGwfuif;aom or0g,rrsm;udk cGifhðyrnf?
(4)tpdk;&ESifh vGwfuif;aom
vlr_a&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ykdifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;omcGifhðyrnf?
[kqHk;jzwf&efoifha=umif; wifjytyfygonf?
EkdifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'wGif
vGwfvyfaompD;yGm;a&;pepfwnfaxmif&efvdktyfaom u¾ESifhtykd'frsm;xnfhoGif;jcif;/
vGwfvyfaompD;yGm;a&;pepfwGif vdktyfaom Oya'rsm;udkðyjcif;/
rvdkonfrsm;udkjyifjcif;/ zsufjcif;ESifhtpdk;&,EW,m;udk 'Drdkua&pDtpkd;&jzpf&ef
v$wfawmfac:+yD;vsif/ tkyfcsKyfjcif;ESifhw&m;pD&ifa&;rsm;udk wnfaqmufI
ppfwyfvuf0g;}uD;tkyfpD;yGm;a&; uGef,ufzsufI
'Drkdua&pDpD;yGm;a&;tjrifazmfxkwfjcif;ESifhzGJ@pnf;jcif;rsm;udk ðyvkyf&ef/
tusdK;ðyyHhydk;aom vlr_a&;abmifudk wnfaxmifaqmufcsdefYyif/
ruU±kdESifhu¾tvdkufvdktyfovdkzsufjcif;/ wnfaqmufjcif;aqmif&GufI vGwfvyfaom
pD;yGm;a&;pepfudk wnfaqmuf&rnfjzpfyga=umif;? odk@rSomvsif
tm&SpD;yGm;a&;cwfukefqHk;+yD;csdef
tm&SEkdifiHrsm;pD;yGm;a&;jyefvnfxlaxmifvmaomtcgY tm&SrS jrefrmEkdifiHonf
tusdK;tjrwf&SdEkdifaom EkdifiH[k owfrSwfI &if;ESD;jr?yfESHr_rsm;udk
vma&mufvkyf=uI EkdifiHwumaiGa=u;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;tajccHaumif;rsm;jzifh
zGH@òzd;wkd;wufEkdifrnfjzpfonf?

ruU±kdpD;yGm;a&;tajctae?

EkdifiH. pD;yGm;a&;pepfwpfckvHk;udk xda&mufus,fjyef@pGmajymif;vJv_yf&Sm;apaom
pD;yGm;a&;ta=umif;t&mrsm;onf tpdk;&. &oHk;aiGrsm;/ aiGa=u;yrm%/
acs;aiGtwkd;E_H;rsm;/ tvkyftudkifESifh vkyfc/ vcrsm;/
EkdifiHjcm;a&mif;jcif;0,fjcif;tjyif/ EkdifiHjcm;aiGzvS,fE_H;wdk@jzpfonf?
TpD;yGm;a&;ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk tpdk;&u/ b¾ma&;rl0g'/ EkdifiHawmfaiGa=u;rl0g'/
twkd;E_H;rl0g'/ EkdifiHjcm;a&mif;0,fa&;rl0g'rsm;csrSwfI EkdifiHwGif
aps;E_H;wnf+idrfjcif;/ &if;ESD;ðr?yfEHSr_rsm;vmjcif;/
pD;yGm;a&;zGH@òzd;jcif;tp&Sdaom tusdK;pD;yGm;a&;rsm;jzpfap&efaqmif&Guf&rnfetz
tpdk;&. ruU±kdpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk atmufwGifazmfjyygonf?

b¾ma&;
tpdk;&. &oHk;aiGpm&if;wGif ESpfpOfESpfwkdif;vdkaiGajyaeonf? xdk@a=umifh
0ifaiGykdI&&Sd&ef oHk;aiGavsmh&rnfjzpfygonf?


0ifaiG

EkdifiHtpdk;&. (1982-83)ckESpfwGif 0ifaiGonf *sD'DyD.
(16.0)&mckdifE_H;&SdcJhonf? (1997-98)ckESpfwGif (6.5)&mckdifE_H;om&Sdonf?
TuJhokd@ avsmhenf;oGm;&aomta=umif;rSm tcGef&aiGonf(1982-83)ckESpfwGif *sD'DyD.
(9.8)&mE_H;&Sd&mrS (1997-98)ckESpfwGif *sD'DyD. (3.3)&mE_H;okd@avsmhoGm;I
jzpfonf? tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;jzpfaom vmtdkEkdifiHwGif (1997-98)ckESpfwGif
*sD'DyD. (10)&mckdifE_H;/ AD,uferfEkdifiHwGif (17.7)&mE_H;aumufcH=uygonf?
tu,fI0ifaiGrsm;ykdI &&efóud;pm;&rnfjzpfygonf? xdk@a=umifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDonf EkdifiHtpkd;&. 0ifaiG/
&oifh&xkdufor#&&Sd&ef/ jrefrmynm&Sifrsm;EsifhEkdifiHwumynm&Sifrsm;/
tjynfjynfqkdif&M aiGa=u;tzGJ@ urBmhb%f/ tm&Sb%fESifhynm&Sifrsm;/
acs;aiGay;Ekdifolrsm;. t}uHðycsufrsm;udk oHk;oyfI jynfol@v$wfawmfY
ta=utvnfaqG;aEG;!d?Ekdif+yD; tpdk;&0ifaiGwdk;&efaqmif±Gufrnf[k
qHk;jzwfoifha=umif;wifjyygonf?


oHkk;aiG

tpdk;&oHk;aiGonf (1982-83)ckESpfwGif *sD'DyD. (16.4)&mE_H;&Sd&mrS
(1997-98)ckESpfwGif (9.3)&mE_H;txd avsmhoGm;onf? oHk;pGJaom aiGrsm;teuf
omrefoHk;aiGrsm;rSm (1982-83)ESpfwGifpkpkaygif;oHk;aiG. (78.6)&mE_H;jzpfI
(1997-98)ckESpfwGif (52.3)&mE_H;okd@ avsmhcsoHk;pGJonf? rwnfaiGrsm;udk
(1982-83)ckESpfu/ pkpkaygif;oHk;aiG. (21.4)&mE_H;&Sd&mrS (47.3)&mE_H;okd@
tcsdK;ajymif;onf? rwnfaiGqkdif&mvkyfief;rsm;wGif jzwfIr&aom
vkyfief;rsm;&Sdaoma=umifhjzpf&ef&Sdygonf? vkyfief;u¾tvkdufoHk;aiGtajctaeonf
umuG,fa&;twGuf (1982-83)ckESpfu pkpkaygif;oHk;aiG. (20.7)&mE_H;&Sd&mrS
(1997-98)ckESpfwGif (30.6)&mE_H;okd@rsm;vmonf? ynma&;wGif (10.6)rS (12.8)txd
tcsdK;tpm;ajymif;onf? usef;rma&;twGuf (1982-83)umvu pkpkaygif;oHk;aiG.
(6)&mE_H;oHk;&mrS (1997-98)ckESpfwGif (3.3)okd@
avsmhenf;oGm;onf?tjcm;oHk;aiGrsm;rS (1982 -83)ckESpfu (62.8) &mE_H;jzpf&mrS
(1997-98)ckESpfwGif (5.3)&mE_H;&Sdonf? odompGmravsmhwef;cHaeaom toHk;p&dwfrSm
aiGvHk;aiG&if;toHk;p&dwfESifh ppftoHk;p&dwfwdk@jzpfygonf? 
tcef;(u)wGifazmfjycJhaom jynfol@pm;0wfaea&;udk ta&;,l*±kpkduf+yD;vsif/
'Drkdua&pDtpdk;&+yD+yD/ AD,uferfEkdifiHtpdk;&onf 0efxrf;aygif;ppfbufrS
(500000)odef;ESifh t&yfbufrS (800000)pkpkaygif; (1300000)wpfoef;oHk;odef;aom
0efxrf;tiftm;udk avsmhcJhonf? cufcJaomfvnf; wkdif;jynftusdK;ESifh
trsm;jynfolwdk@. tusdK;udk±_jrif+yD;vsifoufqkdifaom 0efxrf;rsm;tm; tpdk;&rS
wm0ef,lI vkyfief;ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;udk ðyvkyfay;cJhonf? xdk@a=umifh
xdkEkdifiHrsm;wGif qdk;0g;aom ukefaps;E_H;jy\emudk xdef;csKyfI vnf;aumif;/
EkdifiHwumu,Hk=unfatmif }uD;yGm;a&;pGrf;&nf jyoIvnf;aumif;/
EkdifiHzGH@òzd;a&;wdk@ tajctaetaeaumif;vmapcJhonf? Tonfum
EkdifiHwumvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;jzpfygonf? cufcJaomfvnf; jynfolwdk@. trsdK;udkðyaom
enf;rsm;udk vdrRmyg;eyfpGm usdK;pm;I
usif;oHk;vsifwkdif;jynfpD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufrnf? Tenf;udk
'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHrsm;wGif
oHk;I rsdK;cspf'Drkdua&pDygwDESifhtpdk;&wdk@u pGef@pm;I aqmif&Guf=uonf?
atmifjrifonfvnf;&Sd/ tpdk;&EkwfxGuf&onfvnf;&Sdonf?
rdrdEkdifiH.pGrf;&nfudk pdwfrcsI rpGef@pm;&J=uaom tpdk;&onf omI aq;cg;}uD;udk
a&SmifI oufqdk;&Snfvdk=uonf? xkd@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDrS/
EkdifiHawmfoHk;aiGrsm;udkjyefvnfoHk;oyfI usef;rma&;/ ynma&;oHk;aiGrsm;/
ykdIoHk;+yD;vsif
umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;XmeESifhjynfxJa&;0ef}uD;XmeESifhtjcm;vHkòcHa&;p&dwfrsm;udk
oHk;oyfI jzwfawmufrnf[kqHk;jzwfoifha=umif;/ tqkdðyygonf?


tpdk;&0ifaiG/ oHk;aiG[efcsufrdjcif;?

tpdk;&0ifaiGoHk;aiGESifh xkdESpfrsdK;wdk@. [efcsufrd&ef
vdkaiGbwf*swfvHk;0r&Sdoifh/ odk@r[kwf 0ifaiGoHk;aiG [efcsufnDaom
bwf*swfrsm;onfomvsifrSefonf[k w&m;aompD;yGm;a&;ynm&Sifrsm;u tqdkðyjcif; r&Sdyg
a=umif;?  tajctae/ tcsdeftcgvkdufI usif;oHk;&rnf[k pmqkd&Sdygonf/
jrefrmtpdk;&.
,ae@0ifaiG/ &aiGpm&if;onf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmvdkaiGjyaeonf? xdkvdkaiGa=umifh
}uD;rm;aom ukefaps;E_H;*,ufudk xdrf;&ef EkdfifiHjcm;0ifaiGvnf; r&SdaomumvwGif
vdkaiGqufwkdufrsm;jcif;udk wm;qD;&efom&Sdonf? 
xdk@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu ,cktcsdefumvwGif tpdk;&.
pD;yGm;a&;&nfrSef;csufwpfckonf tpdk;&. 0ifaiGESifh&aiGpm&if;[efcsufrd&ef
tjrefqHk;aqmif&Gufjzpfrnf[kqHk;jzwf&ef tqdkðyygonf?

                                                                             
tpdk;&. oHk;aiGpm&if;wGif tykdif;}uD;ESpfykdif;awG@Ekdifonf? tpkd;&tzGJ@.
toHk;pm&dwfrsm;EsifhEkdifiHykdif/pD;yGm;a&;tzGJ@wdk@jzpfonf?
EkdifiHykdifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;onf ESpfpOfESpfwkdif;vdkaiGjyonf?
xkdvdkaiGrsm;udk EkdifiHtpdk;&u aiGpuUL±kdufESdyfI jznfhqnf;onf?
aiGa=u;azmif;yG/ ukefaps;E_H;wufonf? jynfolrsm;qif;&Jonf? jynfol@rsufESmaxmufI
EkdifiHudk cspfvsif wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u EkdifiHykdifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk
tajccHI EkdifiHawmf. pD;yGm;a&;jr?ifhwifrnf[kqdkaom
jynfolykdifpD;yGm;a&;tjrifudk pGef@v$wfI jynfolykdifpD;yGm;a&;tzGJ@rsm;udk
tpdk;&bwf*swfrS cGJxkwfcGJxkwf&rnfjzpfygonf? xdk@a=umifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDrS EkdifiHykdif/ puf±kH/ tvkyf±kH/
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;tm;vHk;udk EkdifiHawmfbwf*swfjyifyokd@ tjrefqHk;ydk@&rnf[k
qHk;jzwf&efwifjyygonf?
    

aiGa=u;?

EkdifiHjcm;aiGzvS,fE_H;?

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif EkdifiHjcm;aiGvJvS,f&mY tpkd;&aps;E_H;ESifh
jynfyaps;E_H;wdk@oD;jcm;&Sdygonf? tpdk;&owfrSwfaps;E_H;onf q,fpkESpfru/
ESpf&Snfvrsm; (6)usyfE_H;ywf0efusifwGif yHkaoowfrSwfxm;onf?
jynfwGif;jynfyul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifh aiGa=u;aps;uGufrsm;.
vdktyfcsufESifhudkufnDjcif;r&Sdaom aps;E_H;jzpfI jynfyaps;E_H;onf
tpdk;&ykdifvkyfief;rsm;rS trsm;qHk;oHk;+yD;vsif aps;uguf. ig;yHkwpfyHkom
ta&mif;t0,fjzpfygonf? EkdifiHjcm;oHk;aiGuJhokd@oHk;&ef ( foreign Exchange
Certificate)udk tpdk;&rS
xkwfojzifhEkdfifiHjcm;aiGaps;uGufykdrdk±_wfaxG;cJhygonf? EkdifiHjcm;aiG
(0g)a':vm. usyfwefbdk;rSmjyifyaps;uGufY wpfa':vmvsif usyf(300)cef@&Sdonf?
tpkd;&E_H;/ jynfyE_H;tp&SdojzifhESpfrsdK;&Sd+yD;vsif
tpdk;&ykdifvkyfief;tcsdK@onfyif/ ypPnf;ESifh0efaqmifr_rsm;udk
a':vmESifha&mif;csvsuf&Sd+yD;/ usyfaiGwefbdk;tay:wGif ,Hk=unfr_uif;+yD;
tajctaerwnfr+idrfjzpfaeonf? a&mif;0,fa&;ESifhwefbdk;wGufcsufa&;ponfwdk@
cufcJygonf? pD;yGm;a&;tajctaerwnf+idrfjcif;udk EkdifiHjcm;aiGa=u;jy\emu
xyfrHrD;xdk;vsuf&Sdonf? pD;yGm;a&;xGufayguf&&Sdvdkvsif usyfESifh
EkdifiHjcm;aiGvJvS,fE_H;u jyefvnfðyjyif&rnf? tpkd;&owfrSwfaom a':vmaps;E_H;udk
jyifyaps;uGufwGif aygufaom aps;ESifh!d?&ef vdkonf? wpfa':vmvsif (6)usyfrS
(300)usyfaps;bufodk@tpkd;&pepfwus!?d&rnf? usyfaiGwef;bdk;ajymif;vJvsif
ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;avmuwGif *,uf±kdufrnfjzpfygonf? TudpPudk
pOf;pm;=u&mYEkdifiHjcm;aiGaps;uGuf. av;yHkwpfyHkom xdckdufrnfjzpfa=umif;/
oGif;ukefaps;rsm;onfvnf;/ 0ifaiGenf;olrsm;oHk;aom pm;oHk;ukefypPnf;tenf;i,fom
xdckdufrnfjzpf+yD;vsifaq;0g;tp&Sdaom/ roHk;rjzpf ukefypPnf;rsm;EsifhywfoufI
oD;jcm;pDppfjcif;rsm;ðyvkyf&ef vdktyfa=umif;
tp&Sdonfwdk@udkxnfhoGif;csifhcsdef
v_yf&Sm;&rnf? odk@aomf jynfoljynfom;rsm;. vufiif;jy\em
ESifhEkdifiH.pD;yGm;wdk;wufa&;udk a&S@±_I EkdifiHjcm;aiGa=u;zvS,fE_H;udk
rjzpfraejyif&rnfjzpfonf? EkdifiHa&;pGef@pm;cef;0if&efta=umif;&Sdaomfvnf;
jynfolrsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;!d?E_dif;+yD; rjzpfrae aqmif±Guf&rnfjzpfygonf? 
jrefrmusyfaiG. wefbdk;ajymif;vJ&ef EkdifiHwumaiGa=u;tzGJ@ESifh urBmhb%fwdk@u
tpdk;&xHokd@ t}uHðyxm;jcif;rsm;&Sdonf? okd@aomftpdk;&u
w&m;0ifEkdifiHjcm;aiGzvS,fE_H;udk ,ckxufwkdif (6)usyfywf0ef;usifwGif
yHkaoowfrSwfxm;vsuf&Sdygonf? xdk@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu
usyfaiGESifhEkdifiHwumoHk;a':vmaiGwdk@. w&m;0ifvJvS,faom E_H;ukd tpdk;&u
vuf&SdowfrSwfxm;aom E_H;xm;ESifh jyifyaps;uGufaygufaom aps;E_H;wdk@udk
pepfwus!d?E_dif;I usyfaiGwefbdk;udk jyefvnfowfrSwf&ef qHk;jzwfoifha=umif;
tqkdðyygonf?

twdk;E_H;

aiG&Sdolrsm;u aiGrsm;udk ukdifxm;I vufvGJa&mif;0,fjcif;trsm;tjym;ðyvkyfI
ypPnf;aps;rsm; uarmufurjzpfonf?
aiGa=u;wGef;ueftm;rsm;aponf?aiGa=u;azmif;yGaponf? EkdifiHjcm;aiGrsm;udkvnf;
tjcm;0,fvG,fa&mif;vG,faomypPnf;rsm;udk 0,f,l=uouJhokd@a':vmaiGa=u;Esifhvnf;/
aps;upm;=ujcif;onf a':vmaps;wufaomta=umif;wpf&yfjzpfonf?xdk@a=umifh
b%ftwdk;E_H;udk/wdk;jr?ifhvsifaiGa=u;azmif;yGjcif;tiftm;udk xdef;rnf?
a':vmaps;rwnf+idrfaponf? EkdifiHjcm;odk@ a&$?ajymif;aomaiGa=u;pD;qif;jcif;udk
&yfqkdif;aponf? xkd@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu/ b%ftwdk;E_H;udk
aiGa=u;azmif;yGjcif;E_H;ESifh[efcsufrDaom twkd;E_H;odk@ wdk;rnf[k
qHk;jzwfoihfa=umif;tqkdðyygonf?

b¾ma&;ESifhaiGa=u;pDrHjcif;,EW,m;?
aiGa=u;rrm%ppfwrf;?

tpdk;&uaiGa=u;udk txdef;tuGyfr&Sd oHk;pGJaejcif;onf/ pD;yGm;a&;/
z±kdr&Jjzpfjcif;. ta=umif;wpf&yfjzpfonf? aiGa=u;yrm%v_yf&Sm;yHkrsm;udk
od&Sd&ef
qef;ppfI xdef;uGyfEkdif&ef/ ESpfpOfESpfwkdif;tpdk;&.
&oHk;aigcef@rSef;acspm&if;wGufcsdefwGif aiGa=u;ppfwrf;wpf&yfudk
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfb%fu a&;qGJI EkdifiHawmftpdk;&odk@ wkduf±kduf/
tpD&ifcHrSomvsif tpdk;&uaiGa=u;tajctaeudk od&Sd=uyfrwfEkdifrnf? xdk@a=umifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDrS jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHb%fu/
b¾ma&;ESpfukefqHk;csdefwkdif;wGif
ESpfywfvnfaiGa=u;ppfwrf;ESifht}uHðycsuftpD&ifcHpmudk 0ef}uD;tzGJ@okd@
wkduf&kdufwifjy&rnf[k qHk;jzwfoifha=umif;tqkdðyygonf?
jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;zGH@òzd;wdk;wufr_udk wm0ef,laom pDrHudef;0ef}uD;Xme/
jrefrmEkdifiHawmf. aiGa=u;/ b¾ma&;tajctaeudk uGyfuJ&efwm0ef&Sdaom
b¾ma&;0ef}uD;XmeESifh aiGa=u;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udkuGyfuJ&efwm0efay;rnfjzpfaom
jynfaxmifpkb%fwdk@onf wpfXmecsif;wm0ef,lum/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHtpkd;&okd@wkduf&kduft}uHOm%fay;aeaom
ruU&kdpD;yGm;a&;tzGJ@rsm;jzpfonf? EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;wdk;wuf&efòcHiHSI
wpfOD;csif;wm0ef,laeaom tpdk;&tzGJ@rsm;jzpfonf? xdktzGJ@rsm;yl;wGJI
EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;wnf+idrfpGmwdk;wufzGH@òzd;&ef
pkaygif;wm0ef,lay;oifhygonf?
yl;aygif;I wm0ef,lvsif ykdIxda&mufrnfjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDrS pDrHudef;0ef}uD;Xme0ef}uD;/ b¾ma&;ESifh
tcGefawmf0ef}uD;XmeESifhjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH A[kdb%fOuUXwdk@yg0ifaom/
tpdk;&. b¾ma&;ESifhaiGa=u;t}uHay;tzGJ@wpfckudkzGJ@&ef
qHk;jzwfoifha=umif;wifjyygonf?

EkdifiHjcm;oHk;aiGpm&if;?

jrefrmEkdifiH. EkdfifiHjcm;&oHk;aiGpm&if;onf t+rJwrf;vdkaiGjyaeonf?
oGif;ukefavsmh&efESifh/ ydk@ukefjr?ifh&efvkdonf? yXrvkyfaqmif&efrSm ukefvrf;/
a&vrf;ESifhe,fpyfukefoG,fjcif;udk edrfeif;&efxdef;odrf;&efjzpfonf?
e,fpyfa&mif;0,fjcif;onf rsm;aomtm;jzifharSmifckdIr[kwf/ w&m;r0if/ rSwfwrf;rwif
a&mif;0,fa&;jzpfonf? EkdifiHjcm;aiG,kdaygufrsm;jzpf+yD;vsif/
EkdifiHjcm;aiG0,fvdktm;wdk;aponf? ykdrdk=uyfrwf&efvdkonf? xdk@a=umifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;udk ykdrkdpepfusap&ef
aqmif±Gufrnf[k qHk;jzwfoifha=umif; wifjyygonf?
EkdifiHjcm;rS wifoGif;aom ukefrsm;rSmvnf;/
uef@owfcsuftrsdK;rsdK;ðyvkyfxm;aomfvnf;/ csrf;omolrsm;pm;oHk;aom
ZdrfcHypPnf;rsm;trsm;qHk;yg&Sdaeonf? oGif;ukefyrm%udk avsmhcsEkdfifaom
tajctae&Sdonf? xdk@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu EdkifiHjcm;rS
wifoGif;aom vlcsrf;omoHk;ZdrfcHypPnf;rsm; wifoGif;jcif;udk avmavmq,ftm;jzifh
uef@owfxm;rnfjzpfa=umif; qHk;jzwfoifhonf[k wifjyygonf?

ykd@ukefjr?ifhwifjcif;?

ykd@ukefenf;jcif;rsm;. tajccH[ef@xm;csufrSm
EkdifiHjcm;ykd@ukeftm;vHk;vdkvdkyif
tpdk;&wpfOD;wnfomykd@cGifh&Sdjcif;? yk*~vdu ykd@cGifhay;xm;aom
ukefypPnf;rsm;twGufyifvsif vufawG@tm;jzifh tpdk;&rS
[ef@wm;xdef;csKyfjcif;trsdK;rsdK;ðyvkyfonf? T[ef@wm;jcif;ESifh
tpdk;&wpfOD;wnf;a&mif;cscGifhðyjcif;rsm;udk&yfqdkif;&rnf? xdk@a=umifh
ykd@ukefykdrdkrsm;jym;vmap&ef jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDrS
EkdifiHjcm;ydk@ukefrsm;udk tpdk;&wpfOD;wnf;rS ykd@cGifh&Sdjcif;udk zsufI
yk*~vduvkyfief;&Sifrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmwifykd@cGifhðy&ef
qHk;jzwfoifha=umif;wifjyygonf?
EkdifiHjcm;wkduf&kduf&if;ESD;aiGESifhyHhydk;aiGrsm;&&Sd&efvdktyfonf?
EkdifiHjcm;wkduf&kduf&if;ESD;jcif;ESifhyHhydk;aiGenf;ojzifh/
jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;xGuf&yfvrf;ydwfaeygonf? xdk@a=umifhwnfqJOya'pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk
jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;/
vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;acsmarG@jcif;A[kdcsKyfukdifjcif;avsmhcsI oufqkdif&mtqifhY
vkyfief;acsmharG@ap&ef vkyfukddifcGifhrsm;ay;jcif;wdk@aqmif&Guf&rnf?
xdk@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu jrefrmjynfwGif;odk@
wkduf&kduf&if;ESD;jcif;ESifhaxmufyHhjcif;wdk@ ydkrdk&&Sdap&ef Oya'ESifh
vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfrnf? A[kdcsKyfukdifjcif;udk avsmhI
tqifhvkduf vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;udk ykdIay;rnf[k qHk;jzwfoifha=umif;wifjyygonf?









(*)ukefypPnf;xkwfvkyfjcif; u¾rsm;?

(1)pkdufysdK;a&;?

v,f,mu¾
ajr,mykdifqkdifcGifh?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfwGif EdkifiHawmfu ajrudkykdifonf? tpdk;&ajrudk
tpdk;&u/ yk*~dKvfrsm;udk csay;onf? v,f,mrsm;udk ESpfpOfESpfwkdif;
tpdk;&udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u aus;±GmtqifhwGifcsay;onf? TtcsufESpfcsufonf
xkwfvkyfa&;±_axmifhrS oHk;oyfvsif rdrdykdifqkdifjcif;vnf;r&Sd
vkyfykdifcGifhvnf; aus;vuftqifht%mykdifrsm;wGif&Sdojzifhvkyfukdifolrsm;u
xkdajrudk ðypkysdK;axmifxdef;odrf;jcif;ðyvkyf&efqENaysmufaponf? wpfESpftwGif;
xGufaomoD;ESHrsm;udk tay:,HxGef,ufI pm;oHk;&efompdwf0ifpm;=uonf? tcsdef/
vkyftm;/ aiGa=u;pkdufxkwfI ajrudk xdef;odrf;/ rSef;qjcif;r&SdI txGufwef@jcif;/
usjcif;wdk@jzpfonf? xkwfvkyfa&;ypPnf;wpfrsdK;jzpfaom ajr. pGrf;&nfusqif;onf?
xdk@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu v,fvkyfolawmifolv,form;wdkif;onf
rdrdvkyfudkifaom v,f,majrudk ykdifcGifh/ aygifcGifh/ tarGay;cGifh/
a&mif;cGifh&Sdonf[kk/ qHk;jzwfoihfa=umif;tqkdðyygonf?

(2)vGwfvyfpGmpkdufysdK;jcif;?

,cktcsdefwGif v,form;rsm;tm; tm%mykdifpdwfóudufpkdufysdK;&ef/
pDrHudef;pkdufysdK;jcif;udk tpdk;&u rl0g'taeESifhusifhoHk;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf;
qifuJhtm%mykdifrsm;u ?if;wkd@. qENESifhtnD pkdufysdK;&ef
trdef@ay;ckdif;apvsuf&Sdygonf? v,f,morm;rsm;tm;rdrdwdk@. qENt&
pdkufysdK;cGifhay;&rnfjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu
awmifolv,form;rsm;ESifhtjcm; ajrykdif&Sifrsm;onf vGwfvyfpGm
pkdufysdK;cGifh&Sdonf[k qHkk;jzwfoifha=umif; wifjyygonf?

(3)cGJwrf;ESifhaps;ESdrfjcif;?

awmifolv,form;rsm; pkdufysdK;I xGufvmaom ukefypPnf;rsm;udk
cGJwrf;aumuf,ljcif;/
aps;ESdrfI 0,f,ljcif;rsm;&Sdonf? ukefypPnf;udk tcGeftaumuftjzpf cGJwrf;csI
aumuf,ljcif;/ aps;ESdrfI0,f,ljcif;rsm;&Sdonf? ukefypPnf;udk
tcGeftaumuftjzpfcGJwrf;csI aumufcHaom tcGefpepfonf r#wjcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif
t*wdjzpfapaom pepfjzpfI,ckacwfwGif
toHk;rðyawmhyga=umif;?aygufaps;xufenf;Iaps;ESdrf0,f,ljcif;onfvGwfvyfaom
aps;uGufudk ysufpD;apygonf? xdk@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu
qefpyg;tygt0ifaumufyJoD;ESHrsm;udk cGJwrf;cs,ljcif;udk &yfqkdif;onf?
tpdk;&tzGJ@rS 0,f,laomtcgwGifvnf; aygufaps;udk ay;I 0,f,l&rnf[k
qHk;jzwfoifha=umif;wifjyygonf?

(4)vGwfvyfpGmEkdfifiHjcm;odk@ qefwifykd@jcif;?
EdkifiHjcm;okd@ qefwifykd@jcif;udk tpdk;&wpfOD;wnf ucsKyfukdifxm;ygonf?
csKyfukdifxm;jcif;a=umifh v,form;rsm;onf EdkifiHwumaps;uGufwGifjzpfay:aeaom
aps;E_H;rsm;. tusdK;aus;Zl;udk cHpm;cGifhr&Sdyga=umif;? xdk@tjyif
tpkd;&cGJwrf;pepfjzifh 0,f,l&&Sdaom pyg;rsm;onf
tnHhqHk;pyg;rsm;jzpfIEkdifiHjcm;wifykd@&mwGif wrf;rdaom tqifhr&SdI
urBmhaps;uGufwGif jrefrmhqef rsufESmyef;rvSawmhyga=umif;?
v,form;rsm;EkdifiHjcm;wGifjzpfay:aom aps;E_H;tusdK;udk
trsm;qHk;cHpm;cGifh&Sd&ef/ rsdK;aumif;rsdK;oef@rsm; ykdIpkduf=u&ef
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDrS pkdufysdK;a&;xkwfukefrsm;udk/
tpkd;&vuf0g;}ud;tkyfpepfudk y,fzsufI EkdifiHjcm;odk@rnfolrqdk
vGwfvyfpGma&mif;cscGifhðyrnf[k qHk;jzwfoifha=umif;wifjyygonf?


(5)pkdufysdK;a&;b%fxlaxmifjcif;?
ykdifqkdifcGifh/ pkdufysdK;cGifh/
a&mif;0,fcGifhESifhEkdifiHjcm;wifykd@cGifhrsm; ðyjyifajymif;vJaoma=umifh
pkdufysdK;olv,form;rsm;. xkwfvkyfa&;tvm;tvmaumif;jcif;udk yHhykd;&ef
ajr,mðypkjcif;/ rsdK;oef@pyg;0,f,ljcif;/
pufr_Esifhukefxkwfvkyfa&;yHhydk;r_rsm;
ðyvkyfvdkaomtcgY t&if;tESD;vkdrnfjzpfygonf? xdk@a=umifh v,form;rsm;.
xkwfvkyfEkdifjcif;ESifh jyefvnfay;qyfEkdifjcif;wdk@tay:wGif wGufqI/
pD;yGm;a&;b%fvkyfief;rsm;. vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;usifhoHk;aom b%frsm;vdkygonf?
xdk@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu
acwfrDpkdufysdK;a&;b%frsm;xGef;um;&ef aqmif&Gufrnfjzpfa=umif;qHk;jzwf&ef
tqdkðyygonf? 
1988ckESpfukefESifh 1999ckESpfqef;ykdif;wGif tpkd;&t}uD;tuJrsm;
uGif;qif;acgif;aqmifI (2000)&mpkESpfOD;ykdif;wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHY
qefpm;oHk;&ef jywfvyfjcif;rjzpf&ef/ qefpyg;udkykd&&Sda&;udk OD;wnfonf[k
aºuG;a=umfum qefpyg;/ qD/oD;ESH/ rD;zdkacsmifoHk;ðiwf/ =uufoGefrS
ESpf&Snfa&mfbmyif/ tkef;yiftp&Sdaom tyif/ toD;tyGifh/ toD;tESHrsdK;pHkudk
{&m0wD/ yJcl;/ rauG;/ ppfudkif;/ weomF&D/ &Srf;jynfe,ftp&Sdaom a'orsdK;pHkwGif
wdk;csJ@pkdufysdK;rnf[k v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufaeonf? TaºuG;a=umfv_yf&Sm;jcif;onf
ynm±_axmifhrS oHk;oyfvsif pD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;/ pDrHcsufrsm;vnf;r[kwf/
pkdufysdK;a&;ody`Hqkdif&m awG@&Sdcsufrsm;vnf;r[kwf/ tpdk;&. pkd;&drfpdwfrS
aygufvmaom pdwful;ayguftvef@w=um;v_yf&Sm;/
0denf;a&Smifa&;vkyfief;tqifhom&Sdonf? qefjy\emw&m;cHrjzpfa&;/
tEW&m,fuif;,=wmacsvkyfief;w&yfomjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh
Tvkyfief;v_yf&Sm;oludkcsufjcif;&yfqkdif;&rnf?
aiGa=u;azmif;yGjcif;udkomjzpfaprnfh wkdif;&if;om;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;tm;ay;aeaom
jynfol?u¾rS yHhydk;jcif;rsm;udk &yfqkdif;&rnf?EkdifiHjcm;odk@ qefykd@cGifh
txl;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk&yf&rnf? etz ppftpdk;&trdef@jzifh
jrefrmhaus;vufvlaer_pepfudk vkyfief;&Sifrsm;vufodk@ tyfjcif;rS &yfqkdif;&rnf?
xdk@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDrS tpdk;&. ajrvGwf/ ajr&kdif;/
a&eufuGif;/ v_yf&Sm;r_}uD;udk &yfqkdif;&ef/ jynfol@u¾rsm;rS
wkdif;&if;om;vkyfief;&Sif(0g)t&if;&Sifrsm;tm;axmufyHhaeaom yHhykd;jcif;rsm;udk
&yfqkdif;&efESifhwkdif;&if;om;vkyfief;&Sifqkdol/ vlwpfpktm; EkdifiHjcm;odk@
qefwifykd@cGifhudk csufjcif;&yfqkdif;&ef qHk;jzwfoifha=umif;
tqkdðywifjytyfygonf? 



(7)aus;vufo,f,lydk@aqmifa&;?
aus;±Gmrsm;rS xkwfvkyfaom ukefypPnf;rsm;/ a&mif;0,fa&;a'oodk@
pm;&dwftusOf;qHk;jzifha&muf&Sd&ef aus;±Gmvrf;rsm;udk tqifhjr?ifhjcif;/
wdk;csJ@azmufvkyfjcif;xdef;odrf;jcif;rsm; ðyvkyf&efvdktyfonf? xdk@a=umifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDrS
trsdK;om;aus;vufvrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;ESifhykd@aqmifa&;,mOfrsm;
tqifhjr?ifhjcif;ðyvkyf&ef qHk;jzwfoihfa=umif; tqdkðyygonf? 

trsdK;om;qefpyg;pDrHudef;
trsdK;om;qefpyg;jy\emay:Ekdifonf[k tpkd;&u ouU&mZf(2000)udk &nfrSef;I
wyfvSef@E_d;aqmifumv_yf&Sm;vsuf&Sdonf? ynm&SifESifhu|rf;usifolrsm;uvnf;
a[majymvsuf&Sdonf? xdk@a=umifh trsdK;om;jy\em}uD;udk wm;qD;&ef qefpyg;udk
txl;OD;pm;ay;I v_yf&Sm;&rnf? yXrvdktyfcsufonf
trsdK;om;qefpyg;pDrHudef;}uD;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu trsdK;om;qefpyg;pDrHudef;wpf&yfa&;qGJrnf[k
qHk;jzwf&efoihfa=umif; tqkdðyygonf?



v,form;tpnf;t±kH;rsm;?
trsdK;om;qefpyg;jy\emwm;qD;jcif;vkyfief;wpf&yfwGif
t"duyg0ifv_yf&Sm;=u&rnfjzpfaom vlwef;pm;rSm v,form;rsm;jzpfI v,form;rsm;.
b0tajctaea&;&mrsm;ESifh xkwfvkyfa&;jy\emrsm;udk pepfwusazmfxkwfod&SdI
aqmif±GufEkdif&ef v,form;rsm;. pkaygif;tajctae/ qENrsm;udk w&m;0ifod&ef
vrf;a=umif;zGifh&rnf? xdk@a=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu
awmifolv,form;tpnf;t±kH;rsm; w&m;0ifzGJ@pnf;&ef w&m;0iftm;ay;cGifhðyrnf[k
qHk;jzwfoihfa=umif; tqkdðyygonf? 

opfawmu¾
(u)opfawmfrsm;onf ywf0ef;usif. aumif;usdK;udk xdef;odrf;=uonf? wdk;yGm;vmaom
vlOD;a&/ wdk;wufvmaom ody`Henf;usxkwfvkyfoHk;pGJa&;ESifha&mif;0,fa&;wdk@.
vdktyfcsufESifhywf0ef;usifwdk@[efcsufnDpGm zGH@òzd;ap&ef/
trsdK;om;opfawmfxdef;odrf;jcif; tpDtpOfwpf&yf&Sd&rnf? xdk@a=umifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu aus;vufywf0ef;usif
[efcsufwdrf;apmif;jcif;udk
xdef;&ef vkyfyHktpDtpOf csrSwfrnf[k qHk;jzwf&eftqdkðyygonf?

(2)opfawmrsm;jyKef;wD;jcif;/ ajrqDajrv$mxdef;odrf;jcif;/
jyefvnfysdK;axmifjcif;/ opfawmóud;0kdif;rsm; pepfwus&Sda&;udk tpdk;&u wm0ef,lI
ESpf&Snfyif Z,m;csrSwfrnf? xdk@a=umifh jynfoludk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu
opfawmxdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh óud;0kdif;rsm;pepfwuswdk;csJ@&ef/ tpdk;&rS
wm0ef,l&rnf[k qHk;jzwfoihfa=umif;wifjyygonf?
u|ef;opfESifhtjcm;opfrmrsm;udk tpdk;&wpfOD;wnf;vuf0g;}uD;tkyfa&mif;0,fjcif;udk
zsufodrf;I yk*~vdu vkyfief;&Sifrsm;u wkduf&kdufa&mif;csvsif EdkifiHjcm;odk@
ykd@rnfh ukefonfrsm; òydifqkdifI 0,frnfjzpfojzifh opfawmxGufypPnf;rS &&Sdaom
EdkifiHjcm;a&mif;&aiGudk ykdI &rnfjzpfonf?
xkd@a=umifhjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDrS u|ef;opfESifhtjcm;opfrmrsm;udk
yk*~vduvkyfief;&Sifrsm;u EkdifiHjcm;okd@ykd@aom vkyfief;udk
vkyfukdifcGifhðyonf[k qHk;jzwf&eftqdkðyygonf?




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