SPECIAL POSTING: TIME Interview wit

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Subject: SPECIAL POSTING: TIME Interview with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi

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The BurmaNet News: SPECIAL POSTING

TIME: TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEW WITH SPDC FOREIGN MINISTER WIN AUNG
15 November, 1999

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Time - (Asia ) Nov 15, 1999 Vol. 154 No. 19

Aung San Suu Kyi: "This government is not capable of running the economy"

 TIME contributor Sandra Burton met with opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi
on Oct. 22 to discuss the recent visit of United Nations Special Envoy Alvar
De Soto and his efforts to promote national reconciliation and the
restoration of democracy. (A few days later, she also met with Foreign
Minister Win Aung.) The following is the complete transcript of Burton's
meeting with Aung San Suu Kyi

TIME: Do you think anything significant will come out of this latest visit
by the U.N. Special Envoy?

Suu Kyi: We think this is one of many initiatives going on, so we don't
think it is particularly significant. As you are probably aware, this has
been going on for some time. This was not the first time that Mr. De Soto
has visited Burma. In fact, this is the fourth time. So it is nothing new
and just one of many things going on about Burma.

TIME: In any of the initiatives that are going on, do you see any hope of
the kind of dialogue that both sides talk about but have failed to achieve
for all these years?

Suu Kyi: I think by now I have made it fairly clear that I am not very happy
with the word "hope." I don't believe in people just hoping. We work for
what we want. I always say that one has no right to hope without endeavor,
so we work to try and bring about the situation that is necessary for the
country, and we are confident that we will get to the negotiation table at
one time or another. This is the way all such situations pan out-- even with
the most truculent dictator.

TIME: Do any of these initiatives help prod a dialogue to take place, or on
the contrary, do they just prolong it by offering endless chances for one
side or another to make diversions?

Suu Kyi: These days I am using the analogy to answer the question which so
many people ask me: what do I think about this stalemate? I have to question
them about what exactly they mean by "stalemate." If you look at the
democratic process as a game of chess, there have to be many, many moves
before you get to checkmate. And simply because you do not make any
checkmate in three moves does not mean it's stalemate. There's a vast
difference between no checkmate and stalemate. This is what the democratic
process is like. If you say that any of these processes nudge one or the
other toward dialogue, it is not always possible to see at the time. Because
if you go back to this game of chess, it is not possible to see whether one
or the other will hasten the process of getting to checkmate or whether it
will drag it out a bit--because sometimes in chess you move sideways, as it
were. It is not a direct step-by-step pattern in one straight line.

TIME: Back to the UN: I spoke with the Foreign Minister [of Myanmar, U Win
Aung] recently, and to paraphrase, his language was rather positive. He
summed it up by saying the "horizon is misty," but he allowed that the dry
season has just started and he suggested that perhaps clarity is not so far
behind. He talked about an "exchange of views" with De Soto in which he did
not characterize you as the "opposition" because, he said, "we are only a
caretaker government, we are only contesting power, so I won't call them the
opposition." Is this a more conciliatory tone toward you?

Suu Kyi: This is nothing new. In recent months they have been taking this
line that there is no opposition in Burma. In fact, what they are really
trying to get at is that they are an unopposed government--that there is no
opposition in Burma. This has been going on for several months now--this
statement coming from various directions that there is no opposition in
Burma.

TIME: The government also spends a lot of time talking about the ethnic
minorities and how until you settle that problem, no government can really
function--that the next government to emerge will benefit from the kind of
talks that are going on.

Suu Kyi: Why don't you talk to the ethnic minorities and find out what they
feel about it? We don't represent an ethnic minority party. Mind you, in the
CRPP [the Committee Representing the People's Parliament), which the NLD
announced last year] there are four ethnic nationality parties represented.
I would suggest that you talk to them directly. That would be better than
getting my views or those of the SPDC [State Peace and Development Council],
which always would, of course, be in their own favor.

TIME: But in terms of this emphasis on "security first" which SLORC [State
Law and Restoration Council] and then the SPDC have talked about for as long
as they have been in power...?

Suu Kyi: All military regimes use security as the reason why they should
remain in power. It's nothing original.

TIME: Is security nonetheless an important element in a country that is so
ethnically diverse as Burma?

Suu Kyi: Wouldn't you say that unity comes first? Out of unity comes
security. I don't think you can impose security from on top. Just look at
Yugoslavia. For years it seemed as if everything was quiescent, but this was
not the kind of security you would like--something that was imposed on the
people and not something that had arisen from trust and understanding
between them. So I think we want to put unity first. Out of real
unity--which can only be based on understanding and mutual respect--will
come the kind of security that we really want and the people really want.

TIME: You've mentioned from the start that you are not against the
military--you are the daughter of the founder of it--but what value would
you place on security if you were to have a more powerful role?

Suu Kyi: Are you asking whether if the NLD were in power, would we use
security as an excuse to do what we want? We certainly would not.

TIME: But would security be an important element of your program?

Suu Kyi: Every government must consider the security of the country. That is
just part of the responsibilities of any government. But true security can
only come out of unity within a country where there are so many ethnic
nationalities.

TIME: Doesn't the number of ethnic nationalities complicate the whole
political situation in Burma?

Suu Kyi: If you mean does it complicate the process of democratization, no.
It's only that the SPDC wants to use it as an excuse to complicate the
situation. We have very good relations with the ethnic minorities, and I
would like to point out that two of the ethnic nationality parties
represented in the CRPP were second and third after the NLD in the [1990
elections]. They won more seats than the NUP [the government party], which
was fourth among the parties. We were of course the frontrunner. So you
could say that we have managed to reach an understanding with some of the
most important ethnic nationality groups. If given half a chance we could
establish perfectly good relations with the ceasefire groups. If the SPDC
wants to test it, why don't they let us meet the ceasefire groups and see
how we get on?

TIME: Are they segregated from you?

Suu Kyi: They are not allowed to meet the NLD. I'm sure they are not allowed
to, and if the SPDC really wants to find out whether we are capable of
achieving unity with the ethnic nationalities in addition to the ones with
whom we are already officially working together, then arrange an official
meeting with the ceasefire groups. We are not afraid of such a meeting. We
think that only positive things can come out of such a meeting.

TIME: Is this something that comes up in talks you would have with a visitor
like De Soto? De Soto was, according to the government, apparently talking
with them at some length about the ethnic minorities.

Suu Kyi: I'm sure Mr. De Soto knows--at least he should know--that four of
the largest ethnic nationality parties are represented in the CRPP, so he
doesn't have to ask us about our relations with them.

TIME: In the 1990 election and in the parliament that was elected, aren't
the ethnic minorities an important part of that? What is your strength in
that regard?

Suu Kyi: We won a majority of seats in a number of ethnic states, including
the Kachin, Karen and Mon. Not in the Shan and not in the Arakan, but it is
with those two parties that we are working together now--along with two
other parties--in the CRPP. So there is perfect understanding and friendship
between us and ethnic nationality parties. We understand them. They want to
represent their own states and that's no problem for us. We can still work
together. We don't believe in a zero-sum situation. It doesn't mean that if
we don't win, the party that wins becomes the enemy. In fact, we look on
them as our allies, and we are very happy that our allies are well
represented in their states.

TIME: In terms of some kind of dialogue at some point, I was around when you
had the first of two sessions of dialogue back in 1994, and when the talks
broke down, that was it. Has anything moved closer to dialogue since then?
Are there any kinds of initiatives going on behind the scenes?

Suu Kyi: Regarding dialogue, whatever we have to say about it we will say
officially, so I'm afraid we won't say anything that is not an official
party statement.





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