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NLD Statement 170 (11/99)
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
1361ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf(10)&uf/ 1999ckESpf'DZifbmv(2)&ufae@wGif
usa&mufaom (79)ESpfajrmuf trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@ a=unmcsuf
a=unmcsuftrSwf 170(12/99)
1361ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (10)&uf/ 1999ckESpf'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@onf
(79)ESpfajrmuf trsdK;om;atmifyGJaehjzpfayonf// trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@onf
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;rSDwif;aexkdif=uukefaom ucsif/ u,m;/ u&if/ csif;/ Arm/
rGef/ &ckdif/&Srf ;tp&Sdonfhh jrefrmEkdifiHtrsdK;om;xk}uD;w&yfvHk;twGuf
rdrdwdk@. trsdK;/ bmom/ omoem/ ynmtp&Sdonhf ta&;t&mrsm;wGif rarhravsmh
rayghrq=uap&efvnf;aumif;/ rdrdwdk@. ppfrSefaom trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"gwf/
trsdK;*k%f/ Zmwd*k%fESifh wuG aumif;rGefaom ,Ofa&;r_tpOftvmrsm; ESifh
ykdifeufe,fajrudk wefbdk;xm; xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf=uap&efvnf;aumif;/
tpOft+rJowday;aeaom ae@xl;ae@jrwftjzpf/ owfrSwf ay:aygufvgjcif;jzpfayonf?
trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@onf jrefrmEkdifiHae@xl;ae@jrwfrsm;teuf t&if;cHtusqHk;/
vGwfvyfa&;orkdif; rSwfwkdifudk 0ifhºuGm;pGmpkdufxlay;vkdufaom
aehyifjzpfayonf? xdk@a=umifh t"dy`g,fjynfh0aeonfh trsdK;om; atmifyGJae@udk
ayghayghqq tav;*&kr+yKbJ trsdK;om;aeh[kac:a0: aejcif;udk
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf u vufrcHEkdifay?
trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@onf jrefrmEkdifiHol/ jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;tm;
tqifhjrifhynm&yfrsm; roif,l rwwfajrmufekdifap&ef/ uef@owf/ zdESdyf/
csKyfcs,fxm;aom +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@wdk@. &efukefwuUodkvfynma&; tufOya'udk
qehfusif uefhuGuf/ oydwfarSmufcJh=uaom &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;oydwfa=umifh
ay:aygufvmaomae@jzpfayonf?
ToydwfwdkufyGJonf wuUodkvfausmif;om;oydwfoufoufr#omr[kwfbJ
e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ zufqpfawmf vSefa&;wkdufyGJrsm;udk OD;wnfapvsuf
rdrdEkdifiHvGwfvyfaomyef;wkdifodk@wkdifatmif avSsmufvSrf;Ekdif onftxd
rD;&_;wefaqmifozG,f vrf;jyEkdifcJhayonf?
pifppfTtrsdL;om;atmifyGJae@rSwfwkdifonf jrefrmtrsdK;om; tm;vHk;ESifh
ausmif;olausmif;om;vli,fxk.g &J&ifhajymifajrmufvSaom trsdK;om;
v_yf&Sm;r_orkdif;. tpOD; rSwfwkdifyifjzpfawmhonf?
rdrdEkdifiHvGwfvyfa&;orkdif;. trSwfvuQ%mjzpfaom ausmif;om;oydwf}uD;
jzpfay:vmonfh ta=umifht&if;ukd tenf;i,faz:jy&ayrnfjzpfonf?
udkvdkeDe,fcsJ@tpkd;&onf 1920ckESpf'DZifbmv (1)&ufae@wGif
&efukefwuUodkvfOya'opfw&yfudk twnfjyK a=umif;a=ujimcJhonf? tqdkygOya'. t"du
&nf&G,fcsufonf wuUodkvfynm&yfudk oif,ljcif;rjyKEkdif&ef
[ef@wm;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? ta=umif;rsm;rSm -
- ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;aeolrsm;omv#if ynmoif,lcGifh&Sdonf//
aehausmif;om;rsm;tjzpf ynmoif,lcGifh r&Sday? ypPnf;OpPmºuG,f0olrsm;twGufom
&nf&G,fxm;onfrSm xif&Sm;vSayonf?
- wuUodkvf0iffwef;atmiffjrif+yD;onfhwkdif wuUodkvfwufa&muf&ef
oD;jcm;twef;wwef; wufa&mufrSom wuUodkvfynmoifcGifh&+yD;/
xdkokd@uef@owfvdkufjcif;a=umifh wuUodkvfynmoif,l&ef [ef@wm;xm;jcif;jzpfonf?
xdka=umifh 1920ckESpf'DZifbmv (5)&ufae@jzpfonfh
1282ckESpfwefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (10)&ufae@wGif &efukefESifh
,k'\efaumvdyfrsm;rSausmif;om;rsm;u oydwfarSmufcJh=uonf? aemufwGif
jrefrmjynft&yf&yfokd@ ysH @ESH@oGm;cJhonf? taxGaxG
ausmif;om;oydwf}uD;jzpfvmayonf? ,if;ausmif;om;oydwf}uD;a=umifh
wuUodkvftufOya'rS xdkyk'frrsm;udk e,fcsJ?wdk@u jyifay;cJh&onf?
trsdK;om;tv,fwef;ausmif;/ txufwef;ausmif;rsm;ESifh
trsdK;om;wuUodkvfausmif;}uD; wausmif; ay:aygufvmcJhayonf?
xdk&v'frsm;.tusdK;qufrSm ausmif;om;vli,frsm;omru jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;twGif;
e,fcsJ?udk rw&m;r_rsm;twGuf at;csrf;aomenf;jzifh pnf;vHk;nD!GwfpGm
qef?usifv#if atmifjrifonf[laom ,Hk=unfcsufay:aygufapcJhonf?
trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"gwfrsm; txl;Ekd;=um;wufºuGvmcJh=uayonf?
trsdK;om;[laoma0g[m&ESifhywfoufI EkdifiHa&;ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh
pGrf;&nfjynfh0aom EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;u rSwfcsufòycJhonfrSm urBmay:&Sd
wkdif;jynfwkdif;onf vlrsdK;trsm;tjym;/ udk;uG,fonfhbmomtrsm;tjym;/
ajymqkdonfh bmompum;trsm;tjym;/ ,Ofaus;r_xHk;wrf;"avh trsm;tjym;/
pkaygif;xm;onfh wdkif;jynfrsm;omjzpf=uonf? xkd@twGuftrsdK;om;[lonfrSm
vlrsdK;/ rsdK;&dk;Zmwd/ bmomt,l0g'/ taoG;ta&mif/ twef;tpm;/ tqifhtwef;ESifh
vdifrcGJjcm;bJ wkdif;jynfwjynftwGif; rSDwif;aexkdif=uvsuf taumiftqdk;rSefor#
twlwuG yl;aygif;&ifqkdifaexkdifae=uaom vlrsdK;pHkudk pkaygif;Iac:onfh
a0g[m&yifjzpfonf? trsdK;om;[lonfhpum;vHk;.t"dy`g,fudk
usOf;ajrmif;pGmaumufxm;Ir&/ tcsdK@EkdifiHrsm;wGif tjcm;aom EkdifiHrsm;rS
EkdifiHom;rsm;udkyif rdrdwdk@. trsdK;om;tjzpf opPm&SdpGmcH,lvdkygu
cGifhðyEkdif=uayonf? trsdK;om;a&;&mrsm;wGif
yg0ifaqmif&GufcGifhrsm;ay;=uayonf?
wzef trsdK;om;a&; a0g[m&ESifhywfoufI t"dy`g,fzGifhqkd}uonfrSm J J
trsdK;om;xktwGif; vlwkdif;vlwkdif;.
tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifhwlnDonfhta&;udpPtm;vHk;onf trsdK;om;a&;yifjzpfonf?
wkdif;jynfwjynf twGif; rSDwif;aexkdif=uaom vlrsdK;ra&G;/ bmomra&G;/
jynfolvlxk. tusdK;pD;yGm;udk nDnD!Gwf!Gwfpnf;vHk;pGm aoG;pnf;pGm
o,fykd;aqmif&Gufjcif;onftrsdK;om;a&;yifjzpfonf? trsdK;om;a&;ppfppfonf
udk,fhvlrsdK;ESifh tjcm;vlrsdK;rsm;tm; cspfjrwfEkd;a&;udktm;ay;onf?
wenf;tm;jzifh tjcm;vlrsdK;rsm;tm; rkef;wD;pdwfrxm;&ef jzpfayonf?
trSefpifppftm;jzifh trsdK;om;a&;0g'[lonf vlrsdK;pHk. ta&;yifjzpfonf? J J
trsdK;om;a&;udk ouf0if,Hk=unfolwdk@onf EkdifiHa&;w&m;r#wr_/ vlr_a&;
w&m;r#wr_/ pD;yGm;a&;w&m; r#wr_wdk@udk ouf0if,Hk=unf=uonf// rw&m;Oya'rJh
zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_rsm;udk qefhusifwkddufckdufjcif;onf
trsdK;om;a&;yifjzpfonf? jynfolvlxktm; zdESdyfnSif;qJaeonfh
ygytkyfcsKyfolrsm;tm; awmfvSef&ef tcGifhta&;&Sdonf[k trsdK;om;a&;u
,Hk=unf=uonf?
urBmhukvor*~vlhtcGifhta&;a=ujimpmwef;pum;csD;wGifvnf; Todk@ az:jyxm;onfudk
awGh&onf//
?vlcyfodrf;. rsdK;&kd;*k%foduQmESifhwuG vlwkdif;tnDtr#cHpm;cGifh&Sdonfh
tcGifhta&;rsm;udk todtrSwfðyjcif;om vlcyfodrf;. vGwfvyfr_/ w&m;r#wr_/
jidrf;csrf;r_wdk@. tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonf??
jynfoljynfom;trsdK;om;xk}uD;wGif vGwvyfa&; &ykdifcGifh&Sdonf?
xkdvGwfvyfcGifhudk ray;bJ jiif;qefaeaom tkyfcsKyfol wpkonf
rdrdvlrsdK;csif;yifjzpfvifhupm; 4if;wdk@udk qef@usifykdifcGifh&Sdonfudk
trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"gwfu ,Hk=unfonf?
wkdif;jynfwjynfonf tjcm;wkdif;wyg;wkdif;jynfwck. tkyfcsKyfr_rS
vGwfvyf&Hkr#ru jynfwGif; vGwfvyfr_jzifh rdrdtpdk;&. w&m;Oya'rJh/ rw&m;/
Oya'rJhtEkdifusifh zdESdyftkyfcsKyfr_rSaeI vGwfvyfr_&Sd&rnf[k trsdK;om;a&;
pdwf"gwfu ,Hk=unfonf?
rdom;pkaqG;rsdK;rdwfo*F[/ a¹cG&Hoif;yif;aumif;pm;a&;0g'udk trsdK;om;a&;
ppfppform;udku vHk;0vufrcH=uonfudk orkdif;u oufaoxlxm;cJhonf?
xlvsufvnf;&Sdayonf? rdrdwkd@ESifh t,ltq oabmxm; uGJjym;jcm;em;olrsm;ESifh
rdrdwdk@tm; twkduftcHðyolrsm;udk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,f zrf;qD;axmifoGif;/
tusOf;cs&Hkr#ru rdom;pk/ aqGrsdK;todkif;t0kdif;. b0&yfwnfa&;udkyg
zsufqD;jypfavh&Sdaom tm%m&Sif tkyfcsKyfa&;pHepfudk
trsdK;om;a&;ppfppform;wkd@u rkef;wD;&GH?&Sm=uayonf? touf&SifaeygvsufESifh
aoolyrm tjzpfokdh ykd@aqmifae}uolrsm;udk ppfrSefaom trsdK;om;a&;0g'Drsm;u
'%fcwfayrnf?
trsdK;om;a&;udk us,f0ef;pGmESvHk;roGif;bJ rsufuef;rsdK;cspf0g'rsdK;okd@
wGef;Iray;oifhay? ?if;jyif rsdK; cspf pdwf"gwf&Sifoefxufjrufa&;[k
t}udrf}udrftzefzef [pfaºuG;aeaomfvnf; trSefpifppfrSm rdrdtrsdK;om;xkudkyif
rw&m;zdESdyfcsKyfcs,f tEkdifusifh t"rRapckdif;aeayonf? ppfrSefaom
rsdK;cspfpdwfqdkonfrSm atmf[pfaºuG;a=umf ae,Hkr#jzifh r&Ekdif? rdrd.
trsdK;om;xkudk wu,fcspfaompdwf"gwfudk arG;jrLEkdif&ayrnf?
wkdif;jynfwjynfwGif ppfrSefaomtrsdK;om;a&;tjrifjzifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;
csrSwfvkyfukdifEkdifrSomvsif aumif;rGeftqifhjrifhaom ynma&;jr?ifhwifr_/
usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_rsm;udk jzpfay:Ekdifrnfjzpfayonf?
ynma&;qdkonfrSmvnf; vlb0udk jr?ifhwifay;&ef/ todOm%fºuG,f0ap&efESifh
wdk;wufap&efjzpfonf? Tt&mrsm; trSefwu,fjzpfay:aqmif&GufEkdif&efrSm
tajccHvltcGifhta&;rsm;udk tmrcHaom/ ppfrSefaom
'Drdkua&pDEkdifiHawmfwnfaqmufEkdifrSomvsif jzpfayrnf? ppfrSefaom
trsdK;om;ynma&;rS ppfrSefaom trsdK;om;tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;/
wyfrawmfzcif}uD;/ vGwfvyfa&; Adokum}uD; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk
arG;xkwfay;cJhonfudk orkdif;u oufaoxlxm;vsuf&Sdayonf?
odk@aomf,ae@tcsdeftcgwGif ppfrSefaom trsdK;om;a&;tjrifESifh vrf;pOfrsm;
qdwfokef;ae+yDjzpf&m ausmif;om;vli,fxk.tcef;u¾rSm ao;odrfusOf;ajrmif;vmum
ausmif;om;vli,fxk. acgif;aqmifr_ tykdif;udkvnf;
csdK;ESdrfxm;jcif;cHae&ayonf? wuUodkvfaumvdyfausmif;rsm;udk 1996ckESpfrS
pwifI ,ae@txdydwfxm;jcif;rSm jrefrmEkdifiHwGif wkdif;wmI r&Ekdifaom J J
trsdK;om;epfemqHk;&_H;r_}uD; J J jzpfayonf?
,if;okd@ epf&Snfvrsm; tuefhtowfr&Sd ausmif;rsm;udkydwfxm;jcif;a=umifh
- rdrdEkdifiHu vufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh urBmhukvor*~vl@tcGifhta&;a=unmpmwrf;tykd'f
(26)jzpfaom
J J vlwkdif;onf ynmoif,lykdifcGifh&Sdonf J J qkdonfudkyif tm%mykdifrsm;u
jiif;y,fydwfyifxm;onf?
- tusifhpm&dwWysuf=uonf? tvkyfvufrJhjzpf=uI pdwf"gwfysufjym;/
avvGifh}u&onf//
- ekdifiHtwGif;&Sd vli,frsm;tm;vkH;onf ?if;wdk@. a&S?tem*gwfta&;ESifhywfoufI
rawG;awm/ rrSef;qEkdifonfh tajctaewGif&Sd=uonf? b0&yfwnfr_twGuf cufcJvSonf//
- ausmif;olausmif;om;/ vli,frsm;omru/ rdbrsm;yg rdrdwdk@ cspfcif,k,=uaom
om;orD;rsm;twGuf pdwfysuf=u&onf?
- ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifh rdbrsm;yg ynma&;ESifh ywfoufI
vHk;0O\Hkpdwfrcsrf;om=u&ay?
- ynma&$tdk;/ vlrckd;qdkonfh qdk&kd;pumrSmvnf; aysmufuG,fae+yDjzpfonf?
- yxrt&G,fynm&Smqkdonfh vlr_a&;udpP/ tarSmifxJwGif usa&mufaeonf?
,if;okd@wuUodkvfESifhaumvdyfausmif;rsm;udk ydwfxm;jcif;onf wkdif;jynftwGuf
tem*gwfumvwGif acgif;aqmifaumif;rsm;ray:aygufap&ef
t!Gef@csdK;xm;jcif;jzpfayonf? ydwfxm;olrsm;. pdwfapwemonf
qdk;oGrf;npfEGrf;vSayonf?
,ckuJhokd@ t&yfbufwuUodkvfESifhaumvdyfausmif;rsm;udk ESpf&Snfydwfxm;+yD;
txufwef;ynma&;ukd tarSmifxJoGif;xm;aomfvnf; ppfwyfykdif aq;wuUodkvf/
pufr_wuUodkvf/ pufr_ody`Hynm tp&Sdonfh ausmif;rsm;ukdrl
awmufav#mufzGifhvSpfay;+yD; ppfwyf=omZmcHoD;oef@ynmwwfrsm;udk
arG;xkwfaeayonf? wkdif;jynf. tem*gwftwGuf pdwfrat;zG,fyifjzpfonf? xkdr#ru
tm%mESifhaiGa=u;jynfhpHkaeaom todkif;t0kdif;rS rdrdwdk@. om;orD;rsm;udk
EkdifiHjcm;wkdif;jynfrsm;odk@v$wfI tqifhjrifh ynm&yfrsm;udk oif,lap=u+yD;/
xm0&tay:pD;& vlwef;pm;w&yfudk zef;wD;,laeayonf? wjynfxJzGm; wjynfol
wjynfom;tm;vHk;tm; wef;wl&nfwl ðy&rnfhtpm; ppftm%m&Sifrsm;u
cGJjcm;vkdufjcif;jzpfonf? vHk;0O\Hk rðyvkyf rðyxkdufonfh vkyf&yfjzpfayonf?
jyefajymif;oHk;oyf=unfhv#if +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@ udkvdkeDu|efacwfuyifv#if
aumvdyfwuUodkvfrStp ausmif;rsm;udk Tr#=um=umydwfxm;cJhbl;jcif; r&SdcJhay?
ausmif;om;ta&;jy\em&SdvmcJhv#ifvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;udk rw&m; zrf;qD;I
ESpf&Snf tusOf;csxm;jcif;rsm; rðyvkyfcJhay? vdkufavsmxkdufonfwkdhukd
vkdufavsmvkyfaqmifay;jcif; enf;jzifhom +idrf;csrf;pGm ajz&Sif;cJhonfrsm;vnf;
&SdcJhonf?
,ae@tcsdeftcgY rdrdtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@0ifESifh rdrdEkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfygvsuf
ppftm%m&SifyDopGm/ oufn?mpGm rpOf;pm;bJ/ &ufpufpGm odk@r[kwf
tajrmftjrifrJhpGm/ wuUodkvf aumvdyfrsm;udk ydwfxm;jcif;a=umifh
ausmif;om;vli,fwdk@. tem*gwfonf arS;rSdefao;odrfjcif;jzpf&ouJhokd@
jrefrmEkdifiHtrsdK;om;xk}uD;. trsdK;om;a&;&mrsm;rSmvnf;
arSmufrSm;vGJacsmfjcif; jzpf&ayawmhrnf? aemifwcwfwGif acgif;aqmifaumif;rsm;
ay:rvmap&ef wm;jrpfxm;jcif;yifjzpfonf?
?tm;wumhtm;wGif ynmtm;onf t}uD;qHk;/ tjrwfqHk;jzpfonf?udk vnf;aumif;/
?ppfrSefaom ynma&;qdkonfum; vlt*FgESifhjynfhpHkolrsm;udk ay;jcif;jzpf+yD;/
twkta,mifynma&;qdkonfum;/ wyg;olwdk@twGuf wtkyfpk/ wzGJ@ woif;twGuf
ckdif;aumif;&Hkom&Sdonfh/ a¹cG&Hoif;yif;aemufvdkufrsm;udkom
arG;xkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf?udk vnf;aumif; owdcsyf=u&rnfjzpfayonf? ppfrSefaom
trsdK;om;a&; tjrif&Sdolrsm;onf trsdK;om;a&;udk
us,fjyef@euf&_dif;pGmòypkysdK;axmifay;Ekdif&ayrnf? trsdK;om;ynma&;udk
t[ef@twm;/ tuef@towfrsm; ðyvkyfI rdrdwdk@apckdif;or#udkom emcHI vkyfwwfaom
tvdkusuav;rsm;udk arG;xkwf&ef arSmufrSm;pGm r}uHpnf rvkyfaqmifxdkufay?
?if;jyif ,ae@vuf&Sdynma&;pHepfudk oHk;oyf&mwGif-
wdwdususckdifckdifrmrmr&SdbJ t+rJvdkdvdk ajymif;vJusifhoHk; aeonfudk
awG@&Sd&onf? xdk@a=umifh ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;onf ynmoif=um;&mY
ajrprf;c&rf;ysdK; qdkouJhokd@ jzpfae+yD; jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmuf
r&SdbJjzpfae&onf? wkdif;jynf. wdk;wufzGH@òzd;r_tay:wGif }uD;rm;aom
t[ef@twm;jzpfIaeayonf?
jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif;a=umif;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyf=unfhv#ifvnf;
trsdK;om;a&;tjrifppfppfjzifh trsdK;om;ynma&;udk tm;ay;ysdK;axmifjcif;onf
udkvdkeDtaESmiftzGJ@rS vGwfajrmufaponf? trsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&;udk wGef;tm;
ay;Ekdifonf? trsdK;om;aoG;pnf; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_udk
wGef;tm;ay;Ekdifonfwdk@udk awGh&Sd&rnfjzpfayonf?
trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@onf ppfrSefaom trsdK;om;a&;tjrifESifh ppfrSefaom
trsdK;om;ynma&;ay:xGef;vmap&ef óud;yrf;r_a=umifhay:aygufcJh&jcif;jzpfayonf?
xdk@a=umifh ynma&;ESifh EkdifiHa&;onf qufpyfvsuf&Sda=umif;
xifxif&Sm;&Sm;oufaoxlaom jrefrmEkdifiHvGwfvyfa&;&,la&;orkdif;.
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