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NLD Statement 170 (11/99)



trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

1361ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf(10)&uf/ 1999ckESpf'DZifbmv(2)&ufae@wGif 
usa&mufaom (79)ESpfajrmuf trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@ a=unmcsuf

a=unmcsuftrSwf 170(12/99)

1361ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (10)&uf/ 1999ckESpf'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@onf 
(79)ESpfajrmuf trsdK;om;atmifyGJaehjzpfayonf// trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@onf 
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;rSDwif;aexkdif=uukefaom ucsif/ u,m;/ u&if/ csif;/ Arm/ 
rGef/ &ckdif/&Srf ;tp&Sdonfhh jrefrmEkdifiHtrsdK;om;xk}uD;w&yfvHk;twGuf 
rdrdwdk@. trsdK;/ bmom/ omoem/ ynmtp&Sdonhf ta&;t&mrsm;wGif rarhravsmh 
rayghrq=uap&efvnf;aumif;/ rdrdwdk@. ppfrSefaom trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"gwf/ 
trsdK;*k%f/ Zmwd*k%fESifh wuG aumif;rGefaom ,Ofa&;r_tpOftvmrsm; ESifh 
ykdifeufe,fajrudk wefbdk;xm; xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf=uap&efvnf;aumif;/ 
tpOft+rJowday;aeaom ae@xl;ae@jrwftjzpf/ owfrSwf ay:aygufvgjcif;jzpfayonf?
trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@onf jrefrmEkdifiHae@xl;ae@jrwfrsm;teuf t&if;cHtusqHk;/ 
vGwfvyfa&;orkdif; rSwfwkdifudk 0ifhºuGm;pGmpkdufxlay;vkdufaom 
aehyifjzpfayonf? xdk@a=umifh t"dy`g,fjynfh0aeonfh trsdK;om; atmifyGJae@udk 
ayghayghqq tav;*&kr+yKbJ trsdK;om;aeh[kac:a0: aejcif;udk 
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf u vufrcHEkdifay?
trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@onf jrefrmEkdifiHol/ jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;tm; 
tqifhjrifhynm&yfrsm; roif,l rwwfajrmufekdifap&ef/ uef@owf/ zdESdyf/ 
csKyfcs,fxm;aom +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@wdk@. &efukefwuUodkvfynma&; tufOya'udk 
qehfusif uefhuGuf/ oydwfarSmufcJh=uaom &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;oydwfa=umifh 
ay:aygufvmaomae@jzpfayonf?
ToydwfwdkufyGJonf wuUodkvfausmif;om;oydwfoufoufr#omr[kwfbJ 
e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ zufqpfawmf vSefa&;wkdufyGJrsm;udk OD;wnfapvsuf 
rdrdEkdifiHvGwfvyfaomyef;wkdifodk@wkdifatmif avSsmufvSrf;Ekdif onftxd 
rD;&_;wefaqmifozG,f vrf;jyEkdifcJhayonf? 
pifppfTtrsdL;om;atmifyGJae@rSwfwkdifonf jrefrmtrsdK;om; tm;vHk;ESifh 
ausmif;olausmif;om;vli,fxk.g &J&ifhajymifajrmufvSaom trsdK;om; 
v_yf&Sm;r_orkdif;. tpOD; rSwfwkdifyifjzpfawmhonf?
rdrdEkdifiHvGwfvyfa&;orkdif;. trSwfvuQ%mjzpfaom ausmif;om;oydwf}uD; 
jzpfay:vmonfh ta=umifht&if;ukd tenf;i,faz:jy&ayrnfjzpfonf?
udkvdkeDe,fcsJ@tpkd;&onf 1920ckESpf'DZifbmv (1)&ufae@wGif 
&efukefwuUodkvfOya'opfw&yfudk twnfjyK a=umif;a=ujimcJhonf? tqdkygOya'. t"du 
&nf&G,fcsufonf wuUodkvfynm&yfudk oif,ljcif;rjyKEkdif&ef 
[ef@wm;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? ta=umif;rsm;rSm -
- ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;aeolrsm;omv#if ynmoif,lcGifh&Sdonf// 
aehausmif;om;rsm;tjzpf ynmoif,lcGifh r&Sday? ypPnf;OpPmºuG,f0olrsm;twGufom 
&nf&G,fxm;onfrSm xif&Sm;vSayonf?
- wuUodkvf0iffwef;atmiffjrif+yD;onfhwkdif wuUodkvfwufa&muf&ef 
oD;jcm;twef;wwef; wufa&mufrSom wuUodkvfynmoifcGifh&+yD;/ 
xdkokd@uef@owfvdkufjcif;a=umifh wuUodkvfynmoif,l&ef [ef@wm;xm;jcif;jzpfonf?
xdka=umifh 1920ckESpf'DZifbmv (5)&ufae@jzpfonfh 
1282ckESpfwefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (10)&ufae@wGif &efukefESifh 
,k'\efaumvdyfrsm;rSausmif;om;rsm;u oydwfarSmufcJh=uonf? aemufwGif 
jrefrmjynft&yf&yfokd@ ysH @ESH@oGm;cJhonf? taxGaxG 
ausmif;om;oydwf}uD;jzpfvmayonf? ,if;ausmif;om;oydwf}uD;a=umifh 
wuUodkvftufOya'rS xdkyk'frrsm;udk e,fcsJ?wdk@u jyifay;cJh&onf? 
trsdK;om;tv,fwef;ausmif;/ txufwef;ausmif;rsm;ESifh 
trsdK;om;wuUodkvfausmif;}uD; wausmif; ay:aygufvmcJhayonf?
xdk&v'frsm;.tusdK;qufrSm ausmif;om;vli,frsm;omru jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;twGif; 
e,fcsJ?udk rw&m;r_rsm;twGuf at;csrf;aomenf;jzifh pnf;vHk;nD!GwfpGm 
qef?usifv#if atmifjrifonf[laom ,Hk=unfcsufay:aygufapcJhonf? 
trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"gwfrsm; txl;Ekd;=um;wufºuGvmcJh=uayonf?
trsdK;om;[laoma0g[m&ESifhywfoufI EkdifiHa&;ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh 
pGrf;&nfjynfh0aom EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;u rSwfcsufòycJhonfrSm urBmay:&Sd 
wkdif;jynfwkdif;onf vlrsdK;trsm;tjym;/ udk;uG,fonfhbmomtrsm;tjym;/ 
ajymqkdonfh bmompum;trsm;tjym;/ ,Ofaus;r_xHk;wrf;"avh trsm;tjym;/ 
pkaygif;xm;onfh wdkif;jynfrsm;omjzpf=uonf? xkd@twGuftrsdK;om;[lonfrSm 
vlrsdK;/ rsdK;&dk;Zmwd/ bmomt,l0g'/ taoG;ta&mif/ twef;tpm;/ tqifhtwef;ESifh 
vdifrcGJjcm;bJ wkdif;jynfwjynftwGif; rSDwif;aexkdif=uvsuf taumiftqdk;rSefor# 
twlwuG yl;aygif;&ifqkdifaexkdifae=uaom vlrsdK;pHkudk pkaygif;Iac:onfh 
a0g[m&yifjzpfonf? trsdK;om;[lonfhpum;vHk;.t"dy`g,fudk 
usOf;ajrmif;pGmaumufxm;Ir&/ tcsdK@EkdifiHrsm;wGif tjcm;aom EkdifiHrsm;rS 
EkdifiHom;rsm;udkyif rdrdwdk@. trsdK;om;tjzpf opPm&SdpGmcH,lvdkygu 
cGifhðyEkdif=uayonf? trsdK;om;a&;&mrsm;wGif 
yg0ifaqmif&GufcGifhrsm;ay;=uayonf?
wzef trsdK;om;a&; a0g[m&ESifhywfoufI t"dy`g,fzGifhqkd}uonfrSm   J J 
trsdK;om;xktwGif; vlwkdif;vlwkdif;. 
tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifhwlnDonfhta&;udpPtm;vHk;onf trsdK;om;a&;yifjzpfonf? 
wkdif;jynfwjynf twGif; rSDwif;aexkdif=uaom vlrsdK;ra&G;/ bmomra&G;/ 
jynfolvlxk. tusdK;pD;yGm;udk nDnD!Gwf!Gwfpnf;vHk;pGm aoG;pnf;pGm 
o,fykd;aqmif&Gufjcif;onftrsdK;om;a&;yifjzpfonf? trsdK;om;a&;ppfppfonf 
udk,fhvlrsdK;ESifh tjcm;vlrsdK;rsm;tm; cspfjrwfEkd;a&;udktm;ay;onf? 
wenf;tm;jzifh tjcm;vlrsdK;rsm;tm; rkef;wD;pdwfrxm;&ef jzpfayonf?  
trSefpifppftm;jzifh trsdK;om;a&;0g'[lonf vlrsdK;pHk. ta&;yifjzpfonf?  J J
trsdK;om;a&;udk ouf0if,Hk=unfolwdk@onf EkdifiHa&;w&m;r#wr_/ vlr_a&; 
w&m;r#wr_/ pD;yGm;a&;w&m; r#wr_wdk@udk ouf0if,Hk=unf=uonf// rw&m;Oya'rJh 
zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_rsm;udk qefhusifwkddufckdufjcif;onf 
trsdK;om;a&;yifjzpfonf? jynfolvlxktm; zdESdyfnSif;qJaeonfh 
ygytkyfcsKyfolrsm;tm; awmfvSef&ef tcGifhta&;&Sdonf[k trsdK;om;a&;u 
,Hk=unf=uonf?
urBmhukvor*~vlhtcGifhta&;a=ujimpmwef;pum;csD;wGifvnf; Todk@ az:jyxm;onfudk 
awGh&onf//
?vlcyfodrf;. rsdK;&kd;*k%foduQmESifhwuG vlwkdif;tnDtr#cHpm;cGifh&Sdonfh 
tcGifhta&;rsm;udk todtrSwfðyjcif;om vlcyfodrf;. vGwfvyfr_/ w&m;r#wr_/ 
jidrf;csrf;r_wdk@. tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonf??
jynfoljynfom;trsdK;om;xk}uD;wGif vGwvyfa&; &ykdifcGifh&Sdonf? 
xkdvGwfvyfcGifhudk ray;bJ jiif;qefaeaom tkyfcsKyfol wpkonf 
rdrdvlrsdK;csif;yifjzpfvifhupm; 4if;wdk@udk qef@usifykdifcGifh&Sdonfudk 
trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"gwfu ,Hk=unfonf?
wkdif;jynfwjynfonf tjcm;wkdif;wyg;wkdif;jynfwck. tkyfcsKyfr_rS 
vGwfvyf&Hkr#ru jynfwGif; vGwfvyfr_jzifh rdrdtpdk;&. w&m;Oya'rJh/ rw&m;/ 
Oya'rJhtEkdifusifh zdESdyftkyfcsKyfr_rSaeI vGwfvyfr_&Sd&rnf[k trsdK;om;a&; 
pdwf"gwfu ,Hk=unfonf?
rdom;pkaqG;rsdK;rdwfo*F[/ a¹cG&Hoif;yif;aumif;pm;a&;0g'udk trsdK;om;a&; 
ppfppform;udku vHk;0vufrcH=uonfudk orkdif;u oufaoxlxm;cJhonf? 
xlvsufvnf;&Sdayonf? rdrdwkd@ESifh t,ltq oabmxm; uGJjym;jcm;em;olrsm;ESifh 
rdrdwdk@tm; twkduftcHðyolrsm;udk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,f zrf;qD;axmifoGif;/ 
tusOf;cs&Hkr#ru rdom;pk/ aqGrsdK;todkif;t0kdif;. b0&yfwnfa&;udkyg 
zsufqD;jypfavh&Sdaom tm%m&Sif tkyfcsKyfa&;pHepfudk 
trsdK;om;a&;ppfppform;wkd@u rkef;wD;&GH?&Sm=uayonf? touf&SifaeygvsufESifh 
aoolyrm tjzpfokdh ykd@aqmifae}uolrsm;udk ppfrSefaom trsdK;om;a&;0g'Drsm;u 
'%fcwfayrnf?
trsdK;om;a&;udk us,f0ef;pGmESvHk;roGif;bJ rsufuef;rsdK;cspf0g'rsdK;okd@ 
wGef;Iray;oifhay? ?if;jyif rsdK; cspf pdwf"gwf&Sifoefxufjrufa&;[k 
t}udrf}udrftzefzef [pfaºuG;aeaomfvnf; trSefpifppfrSm rdrdtrsdK;om;xkudkyif 
rw&m;zdESdyfcsKyfcs,f tEkdifusifh t"rRapckdif;aeayonf? ppfrSefaom 
rsdK;cspfpdwfqdkonfrSm atmf[pfaºuG;a=umf ae,Hkr#jzifh r&Ekdif? rdrd. 
trsdK;om;xkudk wu,fcspfaompdwf"gwfudk arG;jrLEkdif&ayrnf?
wkdif;jynfwjynfwGif ppfrSefaomtrsdK;om;a&;tjrifjzifh vkyfief;pOfrsm; 
csrSwfvkyfukdifEkdifrSomvsif aumif;rGeftqifhjrifhaom ynma&;jr?ifhwifr_/ 
usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_rsm;udk jzpfay:Ekdifrnfjzpfayonf? 
ynma&;qdkonfrSmvnf; vlb0udk jr?ifhwifay;&ef/ todOm%fºuG,f0ap&efESifh 
wdk;wufap&efjzpfonf? Tt&mrsm; trSefwu,fjzpfay:aqmif&GufEkdif&efrSm 
tajccHvltcGifhta&;rsm;udk tmrcHaom/ ppfrSefaom 
'Drdkua&pDEkdifiHawmfwnfaqmufEkdifrSomvsif jzpfayrnf? ppfrSefaom 
trsdK;om;ynma&;rS ppfrSefaom trsdK;om;tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;/ 
wyfrawmfzcif}uD;/ vGwfvyfa&; Adokum}uD; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk 
arG;xkwfay;cJhonfudk orkdif;u oufaoxlxm;vsuf&Sdayonf?
odk@aomf,ae@tcsdeftcgwGif ppfrSefaom trsdK;om;a&;tjrifESifh vrf;pOfrsm; 
qdwfokef;ae+yDjzpf&m ausmif;om;vli,fxk.tcef;u¾rSm ao;odrfusOf;ajrmif;vmum 
ausmif;om;vli,fxk. acgif;aqmifr_ tykdif;udkvnf; 
csdK;ESdrfxm;jcif;cHae&ayonf? wuUodkvfaumvdyfausmif;rsm;udk 1996ckESpfrS 
pwifI ,ae@txdydwfxm;jcif;rSm jrefrmEkdifiHwGif wkdif;wmI r&Ekdifaom  J J 
trsdK;om;epfemqHk;&_H;r_}uD;   J J jzpfayonf?
,if;okd@ epf&Snfvrsm; tuefhtowfr&Sd ausmif;rsm;udkydwfxm;jcif;a=umifh

- rdrdEkdifiHu vufrSwfa&;xkd;onfh urBmhukvor*~vl@tcGifhta&;a=unmpmwrf;tykd'f 
(26)jzpfaom
J J vlwkdif;onf ynmoif,lykdifcGifh&Sdonf  J J qkdonfudkyif tm%mykdifrsm;u 
jiif;y,fydwfyifxm;onf?
- tusifhpm&dwWysuf=uonf? tvkyfvufrJhjzpf=uI pdwf"gwfysufjym;/ 
avvGifh}u&onf//
- ekdifiHtwGif;&Sd vli,frsm;tm;vkH;onf ?if;wdk@. a&S?tem*gwfta&;ESifhywfoufI 
rawG;awm/ rrSef;qEkdifonfh tajctaewGif&Sd=uonf? b0&yfwnfr_twGuf cufcJvSonf//
- ausmif;olausmif;om;/ vli,frsm;omru/ rdbrsm;yg rdrdwdk@ cspfcif,k,=uaom 
om;orD;rsm;twGuf pdwfysuf=u&onf?
- ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifh rdbrsm;yg ynma&;ESifh ywfoufI 
vHk;0O\Hkpdwfrcsrf;om=u&ay?
- ynma&$tdk;/ vlrckd;qdkonfh qdk&kd;pumrSmvnf; aysmufuG,fae+yDjzpfonf?
- yxrt&G,fynm&Smqkdonfh vlr_a&;udpP/ tarSmifxJwGif usa&mufaeonf?
,if;okd@wuUodkvfESifhaumvdyfausmif;rsm;udk ydwfxm;jcif;onf wkdif;jynftwGuf 
tem*gwfumvwGif acgif;aqmifaumif;rsm;ray:aygufap&ef 
t!Gef@csdK;xm;jcif;jzpfayonf? ydwfxm;olrsm;. pdwfapwemonf 
qdk;oGrf;npfEGrf;vSayonf?
,ckuJhokd@ t&yfbufwuUodkvfESifhaumvdyfausmif;rsm;udk ESpf&Snfydwfxm;+yD; 
txufwef;ynma&;ukd tarSmifxJoGif;xm;aomfvnf; ppfwyfykdif aq;wuUodkvf/ 
pufr_wuUodkvf/ pufr_ody`Hynm tp&Sdonfh ausmif;rsm;ukdrl 
awmufav#mufzGifhvSpfay;+yD; ppfwyf=omZmcHoD;oef@ynmwwfrsm;udk 
arG;xkwfaeayonf? wkdif;jynf. tem*gwftwGuf pdwfrat;zG,fyifjzpfonf? xkdr#ru 
tm%mESifhaiGa=u;jynfhpHkaeaom todkif;t0kdif;rS rdrdwdk@. om;orD;rsm;udk 
EkdifiHjcm;wkdif;jynfrsm;odk@v$wfI tqifhjrifh ynm&yfrsm;udk oif,lap=u+yD;/ 
xm0&tay:pD;& vlwef;pm;w&yfudk zef;wD;,laeayonf? wjynfxJzGm; wjynfol 
wjynfom;tm;vHk;tm; wef;wl&nfwl ðy&rnfhtpm; ppftm%m&Sifrsm;u 
cGJjcm;vkdufjcif;jzpfonf? vHk;0O\Hk rðyvkyf rðyxkdufonfh vkyf&yfjzpfayonf?
jyefajymif;oHk;oyf=unfhv#if +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@ udkvdkeDu|efacwfuyifv#if 
aumvdyfwuUodkvfrStp ausmif;rsm;udk Tr#=um=umydwfxm;cJhbl;jcif; r&SdcJhay? 
ausmif;om;ta&;jy\em&SdvmcJhv#ifvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;udk rw&m; zrf;qD;I 
ESpf&Snf tusOf;csxm;jcif;rsm; rðyvkyfcJhay? vdkufavsmxkdufonfwkdhukd 
vkdufavsmvkyfaqmifay;jcif; enf;jzifhom +idrf;csrf;pGm ajz&Sif;cJhonfrsm;vnf; 
&SdcJhonf?
,ae@tcsdeftcgY rdrdtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@0ifESifh rdrdEkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfygvsuf 
ppftm%m&SifyDopGm/ oufn?mpGm rpOf;pm;bJ/ &ufpufpGm odk@r[kwf 
tajrmftjrifrJhpGm/ wuUodkvf aumvdyfrsm;udk ydwfxm;jcif;a=umifh 
ausmif;om;vli,fwdk@. tem*gwfonf arS;rSdefao;odrfjcif;jzpf&ouJhokd@ 
jrefrmEkdifiHtrsdK;om;xk}uD;. trsdK;om;a&;&mrsm;rSmvnf; 
arSmufrSm;vGJacsmfjcif; jzpf&ayawmhrnf? aemifwcwfwGif acgif;aqmifaumif;rsm; 
ay:rvmap&ef wm;jrpfxm;jcif;yifjzpfonf?
?tm;wumhtm;wGif ynmtm;onf t}uD;qHk;/ tjrwfqHk;jzpfonf?udk vnf;aumif;/ 
?ppfrSefaom ynma&;qdkonfum; vlt*FgESifhjynfhpHkolrsm;udk ay;jcif;jzpf+yD;/ 
twkta,mifynma&;qdkonfum;/ wyg;olwdk@twGuf wtkyfpk/ wzGJ@ woif;twGuf 
ckdif;aumif;&Hkom&Sdonfh/ a¹cG&Hoif;yif;aemufvdkufrsm;udkom 
arG;xkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf?udk vnf;aumif; owdcsyf=u&rnfjzpfayonf? ppfrSefaom 
trsdK;om;a&; tjrif&Sdolrsm;onf trsdK;om;a&;udk 
us,fjyef@euf&_dif;pGmòypkysdK;axmifay;Ekdif&ayrnf? trsdK;om;ynma&;udk 
t[ef@twm;/ tuef@towfrsm; ðyvkyfI rdrdwdk@apckdif;or#udkom emcHI vkyfwwfaom 
tvdkusuav;rsm;udk arG;xkwf&ef arSmufrSm;pGm r}uHpnf rvkyfaqmifxdkufay?
?if;jyif ,ae@vuf&Sdynma&;pHepfudk oHk;oyf&mwGif- 
wdwdususckdifckdifrmrmr&SdbJ t+rJvdkdvdk ajymif;vJusifhoHk; aeonfudk 
awG@&Sd&onf? xdk@a=umifh ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;onf ynmoif=um;&mY 
ajrprf;c&rf;ysdK; qdkouJhokd@ jzpfae+yD; jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmuf 
r&SdbJjzpfae&onf? wkdif;jynf. wdk;wufzGH@òzd;r_tay:wGif }uD;rm;aom 
t[ef@twm;jzpfIaeayonf?
jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif;a=umif;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyf=unfhv#ifvnf; 
trsdK;om;a&;tjrifppfppfjzifh trsdK;om;ynma&;udk tm;ay;ysdK;axmifjcif;onf 
udkvdkeDtaESmiftzGJ@rS vGwfajrmufaponf? trsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&;udk wGef;tm; 
ay;Ekdifonf? trsdK;om;aoG;pnf; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_udk 
wGef;tm;ay;Ekdifonfwdk@udk awGh&Sd&rnfjzpfayonf?
	trsdK;om;atmifyGJae@onf ppfrSefaom trsdK;om;a&;tjrifESifh ppfrSefaom 
trsdK;om;ynma&;ay:xGef;vmap&ef óud;yrf;r_a=umifhay:aygufcJh&jcif;jzpfayonf? 
xdk@a=umifh ynma&;ESifh EkdifiHa&;onf qufpyfvsuf&Sda=umif; 
xifxif&Sm;&Sm;oufaoxlaom jrefrmEkdifiHvGwfvyfa&;&,la&;orkdif;. 
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