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NLD Statement 1(1/00)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trSwf(97§c)taemufa&@$*Hkwkdifvrf;
A[ef;òrde,f/ &efukefwkdif;
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf (52)ESpfajrmuf vGwfvyfa&;ae@ a=unmcsuf
a=unmcsuf trSwf (1) (1§00)
axmifpkESpfopfESifh (21)&mpkESpfopfwdk@udk csOf;eif;0ifa&mufvmaom
,ae@ouU&mZf (2000)/ ZEM0g&D (4)&ufae@onf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf.
(52)ESpfajrmufvGwfvyfa&;ae@jzpfayonf?
jrefrmEkdifiH. vGwfvyfa&;twGuf tcsdef=umanmif;pGmjzifh Tr#cufcJ=urf;wrf;pGm
pdwfa&mudk,fyg óud;yrf;tm;xkwfI toufpGefhum &kef;uefwkdufyGJ0ifcJh&onfudk
xkdif;EkdifiH(,cif,dkd;',m;EkdifiH)wGif zGJ@pnf; onfh
ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf}uD;onf jrefrmjynfwGif;odk@
0ifa&mufwkdufcdkuftHhqJqJwGif wyfrawmf zcif}uD;/ vGwfvyfa&;Adokum}uD;/
trsdK;om;tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ajym=um;onfh
ppfxGufrdef@cGef;u oufaocHvsuf&Sdygonf?
?»»»» &Jabmfwdk@--oifwkd@onf rdrdwdk@. touf/ om;r,m;/ tdk;tdrf/
OpPmypPnf;wdk@udk pGef@ypfcGJcGm Ekdifjcif; rðyEkdif=uygv#if
ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmftwGif; tr_xrf;tjzpfeJ@ r0ifa&muf=uapvdkyg »» »»»?
?»»»&Jabmfwdk@ --igwdk@rSm ppfwkduf&if; pm;aomuf=u&ef pm;eyf&duQm/
tpm;tpmqdkvdk@ vHk;0r&Sd/ 0wfqifp&m t0wfqdkvdk@vnf; txnfwydkif;r#r&Sd/
'ga=umifhrdk@vdk &Jabmfwdk@onf ppfyGJwav#mufrSm tdyf=u& bdk@ ajr}uD;/
pm;aomufp&mqdkvdk@ ausmufcJeJ@ ovJbJ&Sd=ur,f? 'gbJ igwwfEkdifw,f? 'gArmh
vGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmftwGif;odk@ 0ifa&mufppfr_xrf;=ujcif;jzifh &mxl;ponf
tcGifhta&;&&Sd=uvdrfhr,f?
? olaX;/olºuG,f }uD;rsm; jzpf=uvdrfhr,fvdk@ rar#mfvifhygeJ@/
t}uD;qHk;&vm'fuawmh aojcif;bJ »»?
(AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;. &Sm;yg;rdef@cGef;rsm;rS )
Todk@pGefv$wf/ pGef@pm;/ tepfemcHI jrefrmEkdifiHvGwfvyfa&;udk
t&,lcJh&jcif;jzpfonf? vGwfvyfa&; wkdufyGJ0ifol&Jaumif;wdk@. aus;Zl;onf
}uD;rm;ygayonf? rnfonfh tcsdeftcgr# rarh xdkufaom
*k%f,lzG,f&m}uD;yifjzpfonf?
jrefrmEkdifiHonf udk,fxD;/ udk,fheef;/ udk,f=uXef;jzifh *k%fouQmt&Sdeft0g
}uD;rm;x,f0gpGmjzifh/ ESpf axmifcsDI urBmhtv,fwGif
&yfwnfcJhaomEkdifiHjzpfonf? odk@aomf 1886ckESpf ZEM0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif
+Adwdo#e,fcsJ@wdk@onf armufarmfapmfum;pGm jrefrmEkdifiH.
tcsKyftjcmodrf;,lvdkuf+yDjzpfa=umif; a=unmcJh ayonf?
xkdodk@ rdrdwkdif;jynf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mESifhvGwfvyfa&;qHk;±_H;um
ol@u|efb0a&muf&onfh ae@rS
pI jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;rSD;wifaexkdif=uaom wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;jzpf=uaom-
ucsif/ u&if/ u,m;/ csif;/ jrefrm/ rGef/ &ckdif/ &Srf;ponfh
trsdK;om;xkw&yfvHk;onf +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@tm; enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh wGef;vSef/ xºuG/
wkdufyGJ0ifcJh=uonf? ol@u|efb0jzpfae&jcif;udk rnfonfhtcgurS auseyfcJh=uonf
r[kwfay?
wkdif;jynfESifh vlrsdK;. vGwfvyfa&;onf rnfr#ta&;}uD;a=umif;/
rsdK;qufopfvli,frsm; av;av; eufeufod&Sd+yD; erlem,lEkdif=uap&eftwGuf
jrefrmhawmfvSefa&;c&D;udk tenf;i,fr# azmfjyvdkufonf?
1906ckESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJ0if pdwf"gwfudk tjrKawðyxm;aom ( YMBA)ac:
Ak'<bmom uvsm%,k0toif;wnfaxmifI trsdK;/ bmom/ omoemtwGufaqmif&GufcJh=uonf?
1920 jynfhESpfwGif ( GCBA)ac: jrefrmtrsdK;om;toif;tzGJ@rsm;.toif;csKyf}uD;
ay:aygufvmjcif;/ (1920)jynfhESpfwGifyif
&efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;oydwf}uD; ay:aygufvmjcif;/ 1930jynfhESpfwGif
awmifolv,form;awmfvSefr_}uD; ay:aygufvmjcif;/ (1936)ckESpfwGif
ausmif;om;oydwf ay:aygufvmjcif;/ 1941ckESpfwGif
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;acgif;aqmifaom &JabmfoHk;usdyfOD;pD;onfh (BIA)ac:
ArmhvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmf}uD; aygufaygufvmjcif; (BDA)ac:
ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmfay:aygufvmjcif;? (BNA)ac: ArmhtrsdK;om;wyfrawmf
ay:aygufvmjcif;? 1945ckESpf rwfv(27)&ufae@wGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk,fwkdif
acgif;aqmifaom zufqpfawmfvSef a&;}uD;ay:aygufvm+yD;/(PBF)ac:
rsdK;cspfArmhwyfrawmf ay:aygufvmum (1945)ckESpfwGif t+rJwrf;wyfrawmf
jzpfaomArmhwyfrawmf zGJ@pnf;ay:aygufvmjcif;tp&Sdonfh tqifhqifhaom
wkdufyGJwdk@jzifh tjyif;txef &kef; uefcJh=u&jcif; jzpfyaonf?
zufqpfawmfvSefa&;}uD;udk atmifjrifpGmqifE$JvdkufEkdifjcif;a=umifh
jrefrmtrsdK;om;wdk@. pGrf;&nf owWdudk urBmu rv$Jra&SmifombJ
av;pm;cef@jim;vmcJh=u&onf? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf jrefrmEkdifiH.
acgif;aqmifppfppfjzpfa=umif;/ txift&Sm;jyocJhayonf? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;.
acgif;aqmifr_atmufwGif jrefrmwrsdK;om;vHk;udk aoG;pnf;nD!GwfpGmjzifh
vGwfvyfa&;atmifyef;udk qGwfvSrf;I pdwf"gwfwufvsuf &Sdae=uonf?
?if;jyif- zufqpfawmfvSefa&;aemufydkif;Y +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@wdk@. tiftm;onf
'kwd,urBmppf}uD; 'g%fa=umifh csdeJ@vsuf&Sdayonf? +Adwdo#e,fcsJ?wdk@.
udkvdkeDEkdifiHtm;vHk;vdkvdkyif [email protected]&; twGuf e,fcsJ@udk
wGef;vSeftmcHwkdufckdufvsuf&Sd=uonf? +Adwdo#wdk@onf vufatmufEkdifiHwdk@tm;
ykdifEkdifpGm rtkyfcsKyfEkdifawmhay?
xdktajctaewGif jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf vufeufudkifwkdufyGJ0if&ef
rvdktyfawmhbJ +idrf;csrf; aomvrf;pOfjzpfonfh
aphpyfaqG;aEG;!d?E_dif;a&;vrf;pOfudk a&S@wef;wifI aqmif&Guf&rnfudk
AkdvfcsKyfatmif qef;ESifhwuGacgif;aqmifrsm;oabmaygufcJh=uayonf? odk@aomf
vdktyfvmygv#if vufeufudkifwkdufyGJ quf vufqifE$J&ef toifh&Sdonf?
odk@ESifh jynfolvlxk}uD;. axmufcHr_tjynfht0&&Sda&;twGuf acgif;aqmifwdk@onf
rem;rae óud;yrf;=uayonf? 1945ckESpfwGif? aeol&def?vlxktpnf;ta0;}uD;udk
ac:,lI +Adwdo#wdk@. puULjzLpDrHudef; udk uef@uGufum +Adwdo#wdk@.
jynfvnfpkd;rdk;tkyfcsKyfa&;udk [ef@wm;cJhonf? xkd@jyif a&$wd*Hktv,fypP,Hvlxk
tpnf;ta0;yGJ}uD;/ uefawmfrifyef;+cH vlxktpnf;ta0;}uD;rsm;jzifh
vlxkaxmufcHr_udk &,lcJhonf?
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhwuG acgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;onf
wkdif;&if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;udk trdt& wnfaqmufvmcJhonf?
wkdif;jynfvGwfvyfa&;udpPonf EkdifiHa&;udpPjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm
EkdifiHa&;enf;jzifh ajz&Sif;&ef tm;xkwfcJh=uayonf?
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf jrefrmEkdifiH.ppfrSefaomacgif;aqmif[k todtrSwfðy&um
udkvdkeD+Adwdo# tpdk;&u zdwfac:&+yD;/ 1947ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wGif
EkdifiHa&;t& aphpyfaqG;aEG;!?dE_dif;aomenf;vrf; jzifh
atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyf}uD;udk atmifjrifpGmcsKyfqdkEkdifcJhonf? ?if;jyif
jrefrmjynftwGif; rSDwif; aexkdif=uaom wkdif;&if;om;tm;vHk;wdk@.
pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk wnfaqmufEkdif&ef yifvHknDvmcH}uD;udk usif;yI
1947ckESpfazaz:0g&Dv (12)&ufae@wGif yifvHkpmcsKyf}uD;udk
csKyfqdkEkdifcJhonf? rdrdEkdifiHudk wESpftwGif; vGwfvyfap&rnf[k 0HhºuGm;pGm
wdwdvif;vif;a=unmEkdifcJhayonf?
(1947)ckESpfYyif vGwfvyfaom jrefrmEkdifiHawmfuddk &nfrSef;um
'Drkdua&pDvrf;pOftm; tajccHonfh tzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'w&yfukd
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifI a&;qGJcJhonf?
Todk@tm;jzifh aemufqHk;Y aphpyf!d?E_dif;a&;qGJaom enf;vrf;jzifh 1948ckESpf
ZEM0g&DvwGif (4)&ufae@ wGif ol@u|efb0rS jrefrmEkdifiHawmf}uD;
tcsKyftjcmtm%mykdifqkdifonfh vGwfvyfa&;&cJhayawmhonf?
xdk@a=umifh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tygt0if jrefrmhwrsdK;om;vHk;taejzifh
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; rdef@qdkcJh aom -
?vGwfvyfa&;onf olawmif;pm;. cGufxJodk@ ypfcscJh&onfh tojyma=u;jym;uJhodk@
usa&mufvm rnfh pGef@}uJjcif;rsdK;r[kwf/ pGef@pm;óud;yrf;I qkwf,kwf&rnfh
atmifyef;jzpfonf? ?
( a'gufwmarmifarmif. wdk@jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiHzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk
pmtkyfrS )
-qdkonfh pum;udk ESvHk;wGif urRnf;xdk;vsuftoufESifh xyfwlxyfr# wefbdk;xm;um
vGwfvyfa&; udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf=u&ayonf?
vGwfvyfa&;. tESpfom&onf wkdif;jynfvGwfvyf&Hkr#jzifhr+yD;/
jynfolvlxk}uD;w&yfvHk;yg vGwfvyf ygrS jynfhpHkr_&Sdayrnf?
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH.tcsKyftjcmtm%monf EkdifiHom;wdk@Y wnfrSomvsif vGwf
vyfa&;. tESpfom&udk cHpm;Ekdif=uayrnf? vGwfvyfa&;. oabmw&m;ESifhywfoufI
AkdvfcsKyfatmif qef;u atmufygtwkdif; rdef@qdkcJhayonf?
?»»» wkdif;jynfvGwfvyfw,fqdkwmu EkdifiHuawmh vGwfvyfw,f? vlrsdK;uawmh
rvGwfvyfbl;? ajymcsifwm rajym&bl;? w&m;ojzifh xifjrifwmrajym&/ qdkcsifwm
rqdk&/ ay;csifwm ray;&/ vkyfcsifwm rvkyf&/ tJ'grsdK;[m
*syefacwfwHk;ucHcJh&w,f? tJ'Dvdk vGwfvyfa&;rsdK;[m
yg;pyfydwfa=umufvef@+yD;awmh ae&wJh vGwfvyfa&;jzpfw,f? "g;rdk;xm;wJh
vGwfvyfa&;bJ? wkdif;oljynfom;awG rvGwfvyfbl; »»»?
(23-1-1946)&ufae@wGif zqyvnDvmcH}uD;Y trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;ESifhywfoufI
AkdvfcsKyfatmif qef; ajym=um;aom rdef@cGef;rS )
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;.rdef@cGef;yg tcsufrsm;onf wkdif;jynfvGwfvyfouJhokd@
jynfolvlxk vGwfvyf ap&ef &nfoefonfh 1947ckESpf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH
zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'. ed'gef;wGif Todk@jyXmef; twnfðycJhonfrsm;u
ydkrdkxif&Sm; t"dy`g,fjynfh0aponf? ed'gef;u Todk@ qdkxm;onf -
?e,fpyfa'orsm;ESifh u&ifeDe,frsm;tygt0if jrefrmEkdifiHawmf.
EkdifiHom;rsm;jzpf=uaom u|Ekfyfwdk@ onf tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkif
vGwfvyfaomjrefrmEkdifiHudk tckdiftcHh/ tnDt!Gwfwnfaqmuf&ef oH"dXmef;
csIvnf;aumif;/ w&m;r#wjcif;/ vGwfvyfjcif;/ nDr#jcif;wnf;[laom
avmuygvw&m;rsm;udk tajcðyum vlowW0gcyfodrf;wdk@. +idrf;csrf;om,ma&;udk
ckdif+rJwnfwHhatmif xef;odrf;&if; oH"dXmef;csIvnf;aumif;/ v_r_
qufqHa&;r#wr_/ vGwfvyfpGm awG;}uHEkdifr_/ vGwfvyfpGmzGifhrSm
a&;om;azmfjyEkdifr_/ vGwfvyfpGm ,Hk=unf Ekdifr_/ vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fEkdifr_/
vGwfvyfpGm bk&m;ausmif;uefponfwdk@udk oGm;vm0wfðyEkdifr_/ vGwfvyfpGm y&da,oe
&Sm;rSD;Ekdifr_/ vGwfvyfpGm pnf;&HKk;Ekdifr_/ vGwfvyfpGm
ðyr_aqmif&GufEkdifr_/ tqifhtwef;nDr#r_/ tcGifhtvrf;nDr#r_/
w&m;Oya't&YnDr#r_wdk@udk EkdifiHom;tm;vHk;udk &&SdcHpm;Ekdifapjcif;rSm
tckdiftrm 0efcHðy &ef oH"dXmefcsIvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmouU&mZf
1309ckESpfoDwif;u|wfvqef; (10)&uf(c&pfouU&mZf(1943) ckESpf pufwifbmv
(24)&ufae@wGif TzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk u|Ekfyfwdk@.
wkdif;ðyjynfðyv$wfawmfY u|Ekfyfwdk@onf vufcHI Oya'tjzpf twnfðy+yD;v#if/
u|Ekfyfwdk@tm; tyfESif;vkdufonf?
xdk@jyif tajccHzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkOya'tcef; (4)yk'fr (34)wGif
?EkdifiHawmfonf i,f&G,folrsm;udk txl;*&kðyI [email protected]=um;a&;udk
tm;ay;&rnf[k??if;/
yk'fr (36)wGif
?jynfolaexkdifa&; tqifh twef; jr?ifhwifr_ESifh
jynfol@usef;rma&;aumif;rGefwdk;wufr_wdk@onf EkdifiHawmf. t"duwm0ef0wW&m;wck
jzpf&rnf?[k vnf;aumif; twdtvif; jyXmef;xm;ayonf?
wzef AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;onf
tajrmftjrif}uD;rm;pGmjzifh jynfol vlxkusef;rma&;/
ynma&;wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmatmif &nfoefIvnf;aumif;/ jynfolvlxktm;vHk;tm;
pD;yGm;a&;t=uyftwnf;rS vGwfajrmufap&ef &nf&G,fIvnf;aumif;/
trsdK;om;pD;yGm;a&;udk pHepfwus xlaxmif&ef &nf&G,fIvnf;aumif;/ 1947ckESpf
ZGefv (6)&ufae@wGif pD;yGm;a&;ynm&Sifrsm;/ u|rf;usifol
ynm&Sifrsm;ESifhwkdifyifI ?qdk&ef qdkADvm (2)ESpfpDrHudef; ?
udka&;qGJcJhonf?
TpDrHudef;. &nf&G,fcsufrSm wkdif;jynf. pD;yGm;a&;udk csufjcif;vufiif;
tusdK;jzpfxGef;vmap&ef &nf&G,fonf// [email protected]&Sdt=uyftwnf;udk
vufiif;ajz&Sif;ay;&ef &nf&G,fonf?Todk@ajz&Sif; ay;&ef tcGifhtvrf;ESifh
vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;onf tm%mvuf&Sd/ &mxl;vuf&Sdjzpfolrsm;.
vufxJwGif&Sdaea=umif; owd ay;&ef &nf&G,fonf? Todk@vkyfaqmif&efrSm
vkyfykdifcGifh&Sdaom tm%mykdifrsm;taeESifh pdwfa0'emaumif; rsm; &SdrS
jzpfEkdifvnfjzpfa=umif; &nf&G,fonf? xdkyk*~dKvfrsm;onf rdrdwdk@. ynm/
A[kokwrsm;/ u|rf;usif wwfajrmufr_rsm;/ óud;pm;tm;xkwfr_rsm;/
apwemaumif;wufoefr_rsm;udk tpGrf;ukefxkwfI ðyvkyfay;
=u&ef &nf&G,fonf? TtajctaersdK;rS ,ae@vuf&Sd tm%m&Sifppftpdk;&.
vufxufwGifvnf; ,ckyif vdktyfaeaom tajctaeyifjzpfonf? odk@aomf,ae@
tcsdeftcgwGif wkdif;jynf.tajctaeonf TpDrHudef;
rsdK;wdk@ESifha0vHvsuf&Sdaeayonf?
EkdifiHa&;qkdonfrSm - wkdif;jynfESifhvlrsdK;wdk@. ta&;udpPtm;vHk;udk
qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? pifppftm;jzifh EkdifiHa&;qkdonfrSm vlom;wdk@.
b0ta&;yifjzpfonf? xkda=umifhyif vlonf EkdifiHa&; owW0gjzpfonf[k
EkdifiHa&;ynm&Sifrsm;u rdef@qdkcJhjcif;jzpfonf? ,if;EkdifiHa&;onf vlom;wdk@.
tajccHvdktyfcsufjzpfaom pm;/ 0wf/ ae/ a&; (odk@r[kwf) pD;yGm;a&;ESifh
tcsif;csif; tnrnqufoG,faeonfhtwGuf wckESifhwck oD;jcm;pD cGJjcm;xm;I
r&Ekdifay?
xdk@twGufa=umifhyif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;vsif +yD;csif;/
taumiftxnfaz: aqmif&Guf&ef vufiif;csufjcif;
trsdK;om;jyefvnfxl;axmifa&;vkyfief;twGuf tppjynfhpHk tusHK;0ifaom
vkyfief;pOfw&yf jzpfajrmufatmifa&;qGJrnf[k oH"dXmefcs&efvdktyfa=umif;/
pD;yGm;a&;ESifhb¾ma&; e,fy,f wGif vGwfvyfpGm yl;aygif;qufqHr_
ðyvkyf&rnfjzpfa=umif;ESifh trsdK;om;pD;yGm;a&;udk tjrefqHk;enf;jzifh e*dk
tajctaeodk@ jyefvnfa&muf&Sdatmif xlaxmif&rnfudk od&Sdem;vnf=u&rnfjzpfa=umif;
rdef@=um;cJhjcif; jzpfayonf? ppfab;/ ppf'%foifhaeaom tcsdeftcgrSmyif
rsdK;cspfacgif;aqmifppfppfwdk@taejzifh trsdK;om; pD;yGm;a&; csufjcif;vufiif;
xlaxmifEkdif&eftwGuf tvGeftav;xm; aqmif&GufcJh=uayonf?
odk@aomf ,ae@ppftm%m&Sifwdk@. vufatmufwGif
e*kd&Sd&if;pGJvkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;yg ysufokOf; cJh=u&ayonf? ppftm%m&Sif.
?ighjrif; igpkdif;?oabmaqmifonfh tvGJvGJtrSm;rSm;pDrHcef@cGJr_ tm%mudk
tvGeftu|HtoHk;ðyI apckdif;r_/ t&nftcsif;rjynfh0r_/ jynfol@qENudk
ypfy,fr_ESifh !d?E_dif;wkdif;yifaqG;aEG;I
vkyfukdifvdkpdwftvsOf;r&Sdr_wdk@a=umifh/ trsdK;ompD;yGm;a&;wckvHk; ,kdifeJ@
usqif;vmaeayonf? rdrdwdk@. tm%mwnf+rJa&;udk a&S@±_OD;wnf+yD;/
tajctaeESifhrudkufnDaom jynfoljynfom;wdk@. pm;0wfaea&;/ pD;yGm;a&;udk
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ðyjyif&ef n$ef;jyxm; onfrSm -
(u) EkdifiHjcm; aiGvJvS,fE_ef;udk ðyjyif&ef
(c) qefpyg; vkyfief;udk vGwfvyfpGm jynfwGif;jynfy a&mif;0,fcGifhðy&ef/
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ta&S?tm&SEkdifiHrsm;.oufwrf;udk wGufcsuf=unfh&mrSm -
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