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BurmaNet News: December 26, 2000



______________ THE BURMANET NEWS ______________
        An on-line newspaper covering Burma 
________December 26, 2000   Issue # 1695_________

NOTED IN PASSING:



INSIDE BURMA _______
*Le Courrier/Liberte (Switzerland):  Shadow of Burmese Drug Money Hangs 
over Parisian Scandals  
*Burma Courier: Drug Money Helps to Fund Research Centre
*CNN: Golden Triangle is highest HIV infection rates in Asia
*Shan Herald Agency for News:  Junta's Infamous Unit Comes to Rock The 
Boat Along Thai Border 

REGIONAL/INTERNATIONAL _______
*The Nation: Burmese scribe seeks safe haven
*Times Higher Education Supplement: Whistleblowers - Soas faces ethics 
row

ECONOMY/BUSINESS _______
*Burma Courier: Junta Stats Bureau Hiding Value of Clothing Exports

OTHER______
*Shan Herald Agency for News: The Last Mahadevi: A documentary film


The BurmaNet News is viewable online at:
http://theburmanetnews.editthispage.com


__________________ INSIDE BURMA ____________________




Le Courrier/Liberte (Switzerland):  Shadow of Burmese Drug Money Hangs 
over Parisian Scandals  

[BurmaNet adds?Published in two Swiss newspapers on Dec. 16, in French.  
This is a translation]


Saturday December 16,  200


 France- Legal inquiries in the case of Michel Roussin, a former close 
aide  to president Jacques Chirac, and later minister for cooperation 
will, for  the first time, lead French justice to investigate the 
laundering of  Burmese drug money.
 
 A 50 meter high double carcass of reinforced concrete towers over the 
main  avenue of Central Rangoon and the historical site of Sule Pagoda. 
Now a  hideous pockmark, this abandoned project should have become a 
hotel of the  Sofitel chain. But the construction undertaken by Eiffage 
international, a  company presided by Michel Roussin, was interrupted 3 
years ago without any  clear reason. No explanation was offered by 
Eiffage's president Roussin,  nor Sofitel's owner, Accor, that might 
cast some light on this strange  Burmese adventure.
    While French embassy staff in Rangoon makes no attempt to conceal 
this  open secret : the most visible drug money laundering operation in 
Burma -  the infamous carcass- stands in such a prominent site. It is 
public  knowledge that this was the work of Eiffage and that Michel 
Roussin took a  personal interest during several long visits in Burma.
 
 DUBIOUS OPERATIONS
 Nothing justified that a European firm be employed for this type of 
works,  since costs are out of proportion with charges by local firms. 
Accor always  refused to name his partner in this operation, simply 
pointing out that it  is not involved in any investment. In Burma, 
almost all luxury hotels are  considered as pure drug money laundering 
operations. The Trader's, one of  the most prestigious hotels, of the 
Shangri La Chain, is in partnership  with the Burmese Lo family, led by 
Lo Sing Harn, at present wealthy  businessman and "officially" retired 
from being the most succesful opium  warlord in the Golden Triangle, 
under the protection of several of the  ruling generals. "Boycott the 
heroin hotel" was the motto of assuccessful  campaign by the Free Burma 
Coalition in the USA, to prevent an American  airline fom promoting the 
Trader's. Building a luxury hotel in Burma allows  beteween 20 and 50 
million dollars -officially the construction cost- into  the "legal" 
circuit. When operational the hotel can launder money of any  origin, 
regardless of occupation rates.
 
 10% OCCUPATION
 Since a well publicized start, in 1996, of the year of tourism in 
Burma,  the hotels never managed to pass a 10% occupation rate. Now, 
according to a  French banker who worked in Rangoon, a future hotel 
owner may fill his bank  accounts as soon as he obtains the building 
permit, just as if the funds  came from wealthy foreign patrons...right 
on the drawing board!  Michel Roussin is investigated for suspicion of 
fraud in allocating public  tenders in the Paris region. He is now found 
heading a construction of a  virtual hotel in Rangoon. Who paid the bill 
for Eiffage's work in Burma ?  Who benfitted from this operation? Could 
it be that a French political  party received funds from export of 
Burmese heroin? Will judges in Paris be  able to trace the funds 
generated by this operation ?

     francis Christophe  INFOSUD


____________________________________________________


Burma Courier: Drug Money Helps to Fund Research Centre

Week of Dec. 17-23, 2000

Based on news item from MNA and Xinhua:  Updated to Dec 17, 2000 
RANGOON - Among the generous contributors to a new regional centre for 
historical research opened here on Friday by Lt-Gen Khin Nyunt were the 
Mongmao Special Region of northeastern Shan state and the Kanbawza Bank 
of U Aung Ko Win.

Both the Mongmao Special Region, better known as the administrative unit 
of the United Wa State Army, which presented a cheque for 5,000,000 
kyats, and Aung Ko Win's bank, which came up with a million kyats, are 
reputed to have close links to the drug trade.  Also on hand to receive 
certificates of honour and souvenir gifts from Secretary No. 1 for their 
generosity in getting the new centre off to a good start were 
"wellwishers" from Myanmar Total (US$ 47,500), the China National 
Construction and Agricultural Machinery Import and Export Corp (US$ 
20,000).

The historical research institute, located on Pye Road in Rangoon, is 
part of a chain of fourteen autonomous centres set up SEAMEO, a regional 
grouping of ten southeast Asian Ministers of Education that was started 
as long ago as 1965.  It will specialize in studies related to 
understanding the history and traditions of the countries of southeast 
Asia from a regional perspective and will also address the need to 
develop educational curricula which reflect this perspective for the 
teaching of history in schools and other institutions.

According to the official press, the opening was widely attended by 
commanders, ministers, deputy ministers, senior Tatmadaw officers, 
officials of the State Peace and Development Council Office, heads of 
department, directors-general of departments, ambassadors and U.N. 
officials, as well as SEAMEO officials and researchers, and invited 
guests, faculty members and students.

A release circulated at the opening of the new centre listed six 
associate members, of SEAMEO, including Australia, Canada, France, 
Germany, the Netherlands and New Zealand.  But an official of Canada's 
Foreign Affairs Ministry told the Burma Courier this week that funding 
for SEAMEO programs and centres had ceased in 1999.   He said there was 
no connection whatsoever between the new centre in Rangoon and Canadian 
officials or academics. 


___________________________________________________


CNN: Golden Triangle is highest HIV infection rates in Asia

Intensive Effort Helps Contain Thai HIV Spread 

CNN, Tuesday December 26 1:07 PM ET


NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - An aggressive prevention campaign has helped 
control HIV infection in Chiang Rai, Thailand's northernmost province, 
according to a recent report.  
Although HIV infection began relatively late in Asia, it spread very 
rapidly. Chiang Rai, in the Golden Triangle bordered by Laos and Burma, 
was among areas with the highest infection rates in Asia.  

The first reports of HIV infection in the province appeared in 1988, but 
by 1991, prevalence among brothel-based female sex workers was 62%, Dr. 
Peter H. Kilmarx and colleagues report in the December 1st issue of the 
journal AIDS (news - web sites). In the same year, as many as 81% of 
young male military recruits reported having had sex with such workers, 
and by 1992 the HIV prevalence in 21-year-old male conscripts was 17.3%. 
 

In response to the HIV epidemic in Chang Rai and elsewhere, the Thai 
government promoted condom use and sanctioned police action against sex 
establishments with infected workers or customers. As part of the 
effort, the provincial government distributed 1.2 million free condoms 
annually.  

Most brothels closed, and although the number of sex workers remained 
constant, a shift in favor of nonbrothel settings such as massage 
parlors, was helpful, say the authors, from the Thai Ministry of Public 
Health, Nonthaburi. The women had fewer sex partners and thus had less 
chance of acquiring and transmitting HIV-1.  

By 1995, only 24% of conscripts reported visits to female sex workers 
and 93% used condoms, up from 61% in 1991. Furthermore, reported STD 
rates in Chang Rai fell from 726 per 100,000 in 1990 to only 12 per 
100,00 in 1999. HIV infection in conscripts ``remarkably'' fell by more 
than eightfold to only 2% in 1999.  

These declines, the investigators conclude, ``are believed to be real, 
and are perhaps the strongest examples in the world of a societywide, 
successful response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.'' Nevertheless, they add, 
``the number of AIDS cases continues to mount, along with profound 
demographic social and economic effects." 



___________________________________________________



Shan Herald Agency for News:  Junta's Infamous Unit Comes to Rock The 
Boat Along Thai Border 

Reporter: Saeng Khao Haeng
December 26, 2000

One of Rangoon's most feared units arrived in cities bordering Thailand 
earlier this month, said several sources. 

Na Sa Ka (Border Control Unit), long active along borders with 
Bangladesh and India in the west was reported in Tachilek on 2 December. 
Feared even among junta sphere, its presence was seen by many state 
functionaries, both military and civilian alike, as bad omen. 
According to the latest count on 17 December, the strength of the unit 
with its headquarters in LIB 331 is already 120. The total strength 
would be 702. 
The unit operates directly under "S-1", Lt.-Gen. Khin Nyunt and is 
empowered to "butt in" the affairs of various  local governmental 
departments i.e. customs, immigration, cross-border trade, census and 
even township administrations. Its area of operation shall be Tachilek, 
Monghsat and Mongton, said sources. 

Already, its presence is felt along the border. The Myawaddy-Maesod 
checkpoints were closed without notice. Thai counterparts in the 
Tachilek-Chiangrai joint border committee were told they could either 
change the present border regulations soon or close the border and 
Rangoon couldn't care less during a meeting two weeks ago. 
"One good thing is that border passes, previously obtained at B.120, has 
gone down to just B.20," said a source. "Also in the past there were 
some difficulties for non-Tachilek citizens to get a pass, but now, 
everyone who has an ID card can get it without going through a lot of 
procedures".  
Related News:

Lt.-Gen. Khin Nyunt arrived on 21 December to inaugurate a nuns' school 
in Tachilek. The carpet, 100 meters long, for him to walk on during the 
ceremony was bought for B.100,000 by the townspeople, said sources.  








___________________ REGIONAL/INTERNATIONAL___________________
				

The Nation: Burmese scribe seeks safe haven

Dec 26, 2000.

A Lin Neumann 

BEING a journalist in Burma is a lot like walking on the high wire 
without a net. One false move and you might plunge into the abyss of a 
political prison.  

That fear is what finally drove writer and publisher Tin Maung Than, 46, 
to flee across the border in late November with his wife and two 
children for exile in Thailand and, hopefully, political asylum in the 
United States.  

Publisher of an influential private journal, Thintbawa (Your Life), 
which focused on contemporary social issues, Tin Maung Than says a 
political noose was tightening around his neck as a result of his 
writing.  

"It was just time to go," he said in Bangkok shortly after his arrival. 
"The military would not let me travel. I was afraid I might be arrested 
soon."  

A soft-spoken man who walks with a slight stoop from a spinal ailment, 
Tin Maung Than seems the kind of man who would be treasured by a 
developing country. A medical doctor by training and a journalist by 
choice, he also earned an MBA from Harvard University in 1998.  

Indeed, the bizarre events that led to his exile would be unimaginable 
in almost any other country save Burma, where a military junta - the 
State Peace and Development Council - has held power since September 
1988, choking off most forms of dissent.  

In August he was detained, along with another publisher, for five days 
by military-intelligence agents in Rangoon because he made a handful of 
photocopies of a speech by the former deputy minister for economic 
development, Brig-Gen Zaw Tun, that was highly critical of the 
government's economic policies. The speech, which was eventually picked 
up by news agencies abroad, led to Zaw Tun's removal from office and was 
a major embarrassment for the junta.  

"They launched an investigation," Tin Maung Than said. "They went 
looking for anyone who might have copied the speech. They even brought 
in this frightened girl who ran the copy shop I used and she didn't know 
anything about it." After five days of continuous questioning, Tin Maung 
Than admitted to having copied the speech and signed a "confession".  

As part of the confession he had to state that he knew he would be 
prosecuted if intelligence agents later concluded that the speech and 
its release abroad was part of a "political plot".  

The confession was an open invitation for the military to arrest him at 
any time they felt like it.  
Tin Maung Than stayed safely atop the high wire for several years. Since 
starting his magazine in 1992, he avoided political subjects and 
submitted everything to the official Press Scrutiny Board for censoring 
before publication. "Real journalism is not possible in Burma," he said. 
"We have to say everything in general terms and let the readers feel the 
meaning for themselves."  

The magazine concentrated on health and family issues, writing about the 
HIV/Aids epidemic and other social problems while steering clear of 
discussing government policies.  
The censors eliminated anything controversial but he received his first 
scare when an exiled opposition group published an article he wrote on 
Burma's educational system without his knowledge. The article had 
earlier been censored but found its way into the hands of government 
opponents who issued the piece, called "Slave versus Free Education", as 
a small booklet.  

The military listed the booklet, along with a host of other documents, 
during a press conference in May called to discuss plots against the 
regime.  

>From that time forward, he worried that the military had placed him 
under scrutiny. His past, he feared, had come back to haunt him.  

Tin Maung Than was active in the 1988 popular uprising against former 
dictator Ne Win which was crushed by the military and he admits to 
having once been a member of the National League for Democracy, the 
political party led by Aung San Suu Kyi, the Nobel Peace Prize-winning 
dissident. But he left the group in 1990 following parliamentary 
elections won by the NLD but nullified by the junta.  

"I thought I could do more good on my own, as a writer," he said. "Let 
other people involve themselves in politics."  

In Burma, however, it is hard for any independent thinker to avoid 
politics and his past links to the NLD is what finally drove him into 
exile.  

Fearing arrest was imminent, he left his work at the magazine and began 
planning his escape. Finally, he went with his family to a border area 
controlled by insurgents and headed for Thailand. 



___________________________________________________


Times Higher Education Supplement: Whistleblowers - Soas faces ethics 
row

UK News, 23 December 2000

Phil Baty
21 December 2000


Students at London University's School of Oriental and African Studies 
are demanding formal guidelines on ethics for researchers, following The 
THES's report of a senior academic's links with the military 
dictatorship in Burma. 

The THES reported that Elizabeth Moore, head of the department of arts 
and archaeology, has been cooperating closely with the dictatorship's 
Office for Strategic Studies on a number of projects. Scholars said her 
links with a regime notorious for some of the worst human rights abuses 
and the suppression of dissent and academic freedom raise important 
ethical questions. Gustaaf Houtman, deputy director of the United 
Kingdom's Royal Anthropological Institute, said that her work could be 
exploited to bolster the dictatorship.

Dr Moore is in Burma and has been unavailable for comment. The 
university declined to comment on the situation. It has told students 
that "as a matter of policy, the school respects the freedom of 
academics to work in whichever country they wish and as is necessary for 
the conduct of their research". But students are concerned that this 
statement is too ambiguous and that it leaves the university open to 
serious ethical concerns.

The students' union is lobbying Soas's executive board on the issue. It 
said in a letter to the executive board: "The union feels that it is 
important to raise awareness of research ethics and the consequences of 
not having these in place." A petition will be launched at the start of 
next term. 
The controversy over Burma follows concerns about the university's 
decision last year to accept a donation from the Iranian government, 
which attracted widespread international disquiet and also highlighted 
the absence of ethical guidelines.

The THES revealed in December 1999 that Soas had accepted tens of 
thousands of pounds from the Iranian ministry of culture and higher 
education to establish two three-year research fellowships. One of the 
postdoctoral fellowships was taken by the institute's director, the 
brother of the head of Iran's revolutionary guards.

Academic board minutes confirm that 73 academics had called for the deal 
to be rescinded because they were concerned by the school's association 
with "ultra-conservative factions of the Iranian regime". Despite 
opposition the deal was ratified, but it was agreed that a working party 
would be set up to "codify the principles upon which future decisions 
would be based in regard to acceptances of donor support".

Students are now demanding a similar commitment to research ethics. 
Burma link prompts resignation calls

Lord Alexander of Weedon, Exeter University's chancellor, has offered to 
meet students to discuss his controversial role as a non-executive 
director of Total-Fina-Elf, the French oil giant criticised by human 
rights campaigners for doing business with the military dictatorship in 
Burma. 
Students have organised protests and collected more than 700 signatures 
calling for Lord Alexander to resign either as chancellor or from his 
role at Total. The students said Total-Fina-Elf's investments in Burma 
helped support the illegal military regime and its abuses of human 
rights. 
A university spokesman said: "As chancellor, he holds an honorary 
position and has not been scheduled to visit the university during or 
since the students' actions. He has asked the protesters to write a 
'reasoned letter' explaining their criticisms, to which he will be happy 
to reply. He has also offered to speak with officers of the Guild of 
Students when he next visits the university."

Lord Alexander has been a non-executive director of Total-Fina-Elf 
"since well before he was appointed chancellor and this has always been 
a matter of public record", he added.



_______________ ECONOMY AND BUSINESS _______________
 


Burma Courier: Junta Stats Bureau Hiding Value of Clothing Exports

Week of Dec. 17-23, 2000



Based on news from NYT, Xinhua, Dana:  Updated to December 20, 2000 
NEW YORK  - U.S. clothing import figures, cited in an article in the New 
York Times this week, suggest that stats released by Burma's Central 
Statistical Organization (CSO) vastly under-report trade figures with 
the U.S. and throw into question other figures reported by the junta's 
stats bureau.

According to a Times article, the value of clothing imports from Burma 
to the U.S. amounted to US$ 308 million dollars in the first nine months 
of 2000, more than double garment imports in the same period last year.  
U.S. government stats show that clothing worth US$ 237 million was 
imported from Burma in 1999, up 45% over the 1998 total of US$ 164 
million. 
In contrast, the most recent Economic Indicators report of the Burmese 
government's CSO put the total value of exports to five industrialized 
nations including the U.S., Japan, France, Germany and the U.K, during 
the first eight months of 2000 at only US$ 108 million.  The report 
cited imports by Burma from the same group of five countries during the 
eight-month period at US$ 242 million.

If the trend indicated by U.S. government figures holds, the country 
could end up by importing goods valued at half a billion dollars from 
Burma this year, since the garment trade has accounted for about 80% of 
the value of imports from Burma over the last few years.

This would mean that the U.S. would be Burma's second largest trading 
partner in 2000 and by far its largest export market in legally traded 
goods.  In fiscal 1999, the CSO listed Singapore as the country's 
largest trading partner with goods valued at US$ 881 being exchanged 
between the two countries.  Thailand with total trade valued at US$ 410 
and China at US$ 351 million were listed as Burma's second and third 
largest trading partners in 1999.

The increase in the garment trade with the U.S. matches a similar 
upswing in clothing sales to Canada which is set to increase by 250% its 
imports from Burma during the current year.  Stats released by Canada's 
Department of Foreign Trade show imports of clothing from Burma jumped 
to C$ 35.612 million in the first nine month of 2000.   Total garment 
imports from Burma last year amounted to C$ 17.339 million up from C$ 
9.602 million in 1998. The Canadian buck is currently valued at about 
two-thirds of the U.S dollar. 

There is nothing to indicate why Burma's stats bureau would under-report 
exports to Western countries, but the junta's propaganda department has 
found it useful to paint a picture of the country as under siege by 
oppressive "sanctions" imposed upon it by Western nations.  There have 
also been suggestions that garment manufacturers may be under-reporting 
the value of their exports from Burma to cut down on customs duties. 

There can be no doubt that the garment manufacturing industry in Burma 
is growing by leaps and bounds.  Figures quoted in an article in a 
Burmese language journal, Dana (November 2000), point to at least 
300,000 people as employed in factories making garments throughout the 
country.  It said there were more than 400 factories where garments were 
being made.   But this figure must surely include many mom-and-pop 
operations.  There are probably about 9 - 12 large state-owned factories 
still in the business of garment making and 20 - 25 large foreign-owned 
or joint-venture companies engaged in making clothes, mostly for export.





______________________OTHER______________________


Shan Herald Agency for News: The Last Mahadevi: A documentary film

No: 12 - 17

Commentary

The Last Mahadevi:
A documentary film

She was Austrian, first child among the 5 siblings of the Eberhard 
family,  born on 23 February 1932.

He was Shan, youngest son among the 3 of Prince Sao Oh of Hsipaw and his 
 consort, Sao Zinglwa, born in July 1924. (I don't remember her saying  
anything about the exact date, but looking at her raising her glass and  
wishing Happy Birthday on the 4th of July 1999, I thought while others 
were  marking the birth of the United States she must be celebrating her 
late  husband's birthday instead.) He was coronated as the ruling prince 
in 1947. 
They met in the land not of either's birth, fell in love and married on 
7  March 1953.

So far so good as a fairy tale. But unfortunately they lived happily 
ever  after only less than nine years.

The documentary was striking due in large part to the fact that there 
were  a lot of flashbacks to the old days, thanks to the 16-mm movie 
camera the  Prince brought back from the States. One can just make 
comparisons of the  grandeur and happiness of the past to today's decay 
and almost tangible  sadness.

Once back to homeland, the Prince and inevitably his consort, now styled 
 the Mahadevi "celestial princess" Sao Thusandi, were caught in the  
political and military upheaval in the whole country brought about by 
the  Shans' union with Burma in 1947.

The Shan States, as it was known prior to the founding of the Union of  
Burma, "was never a British colony like Burma," she said. On the 
contrary,  it was relatively an independent country. It agreed to unite 
with Burma for  a trial period of ten years and thus could have left it 
by 1958. 
However, in 1952, the Burmese government used the Kuomintang spillover 
from  the pursuing troops of Mao Zedong as an execuse to occupy the Shan 
State.  "Sao had spoken out against the Burma Army ill treating the 
people," she  said, and in so doing, he won eternal enmity from the 
military. 
He was however not interested in leading the Shan insurrection that 
broke  out after the failure in 1958 to hold a plebiscite for the 
purpose of  deciding whether Shans should choose to stay in the union or 
secede. He  believed in the rule of law and democracy, she commented.

On 1 March 1962, he was last seen driving from Taunggyi to Hsipaw, where 
he  was anxious to be in time for the 9th anniversary of their wedding. 
He left  only two short letters informing his wife he was being held in 
Ba Htoo, a  military settlement near Lawkzawk by the army that took 
power past midnight  on 2 March that marked the end of democracy and the 
Union of Burma. The  military, whom she dubbed "cowards", never admitted 
they had anything to do  with his "disappearance".

She waited vainly for 11 months, consulting soothsayers and practising  
meditation, and finally left for home.

Now, at 68, she's back in the States, still beautiful despite her age,  
still driving, weightlifting, jogging and swimming. And still has time 
to  meet overseas Shans who pay annual respects to her and to meet 
Burmese  exiles and treat them to a buffet lunch.

Yes, I know I'm not doing justice to her. But you also know I'm only 
trying  to spark some interest in you to view the documentary that came 
out last  year. It is produced by the Bilderwerk Filmproduction in 
Munchen. Or maybe  you'd rather get in touch with her directly. That's 

<thusandi@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> .

After seeing it, I'm sure you'll enjoy reading her 'Twilight of Burma: 
My  life as a Shan princess', by Inge Sargent, published by Silkworm 
Books in  1994 too.




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