Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division
Websites/Multiple Documents
Description:
"Tanintharyi Region...formerly Tenasserim Division and subsequently Tanintharyi Division, is an administrative region of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the Kra Isthmus. It borders the Andaman Sea to the west and the Tenasserim Hills, beyond which lies Thailand, to the east. To the north is the Mon State. There are many islands off the coast, the large Mergui Archipelago in the southern and central coastal areas and the smaller Moscos Islands off the northern shores. The capital of the division is Dawei (Tavoy). Other important cities are Myeik (Mergui) and Kawthaung. The division covers an area of 43,328 km?, and had an estimated population of 1,455,000 in 2002..."
Source/publisher:
Wikipedia
Date of entry/update:
2014-05-21
Grouping:
Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division
Language:
English
more
Individual Documents
Description:
"Myanmar’s Tanintharyi Region is among the most vibrantly biodiverse places in Asia. The southern tail of kite-shaped Myanmar, Tanintharyi encompasses hundreds of islands in the Myeik Archipelago, mangrove-lined coast, evergreen forests and the mountainous spine that forms the Thai-Myanmar border.
The region holds some of Southeast Asia’s largest intact forests, which feed and house complex ecosystems of tigers, Asian elephants, gibbons, clouded leopards, tapirs, pangolins and people. Nearly 1.5 million people living across Tanintharyi’s forests and coastline rely on the region’s ecosystems to fish, hunt and harvest vegetables and herbs.
But an alliance of local community groups in Tanintharyi is calling for the government and environmental organisations to drop plans for a US$21 million conservation project in the region.
The UN-backed Ridge to Reef Project aims to turn 3.4 million acres of land—over a third of Tanintharyi—into conservation areas, but the Conservation Alliance Tanawthari (CAT) says the project will jeopardize local communities’ access to food and livelihoods. According to CAT, the conservation project will dispossess tens of thousands of indigenous people of their land, primarily ethnic Karen communities.
Instead, the communities and groups behind CAT are calling for donors, environmental groups and the government to change course and embrace an inclusive, indigenous-led approach to conservation. Local groups also point to how top-down conservation efforts have so far failed, allowing logging, mining and destructive development projects. A new report by CAT outlines indigenous opposition to the UN project and lays out exactly how each party involved can let local residents take the lead—including how Myanmar needs to amend domestic laws to recognize local land management systems..."
Source/publisher:
"ASEAN Today" (Singapore)
Date of publication:
2020-06-03
Date of entry/update:
2020-06-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Sub-title:
The government will set up a vessel-monitoring system control centre (VMS) in Myeik city in Tanintharyi Region in an effort to combat illegal fishing, a senior Fisheries Department official said.
Description:
"U Than Chaung, head of the department in Tanintharyi, said the system will be able to identify fishing vessels that are operating legally in the area.
“All fishing vessels will have to enter specified checkpoints for mandatory inspections, and we will be able to determine whether they have the necessary permits,” he said.
The VMS control centre can prevent illegal fishing, he added.
The centre, which is under construction in Myeik, can monitor the movements of not only vessels off Tanintharyi but also across the nation. U Than Chaung, head of the department in Tanintharyi, said the system will be able to identify fishing vessels that are operating legally in the area.
“All fishing vessels will have to enter specified checkpoints for mandatory inspections, and we will be able to determine whether they have the necessary permits,” he said.
The VMS control centre can prevent illegal fishing, he added.
The centre, which is under construction in Myeik, can monitor the movements of not only vessels off Tanintharyi but also across the nation..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of publication:
2020-03-04
Date of entry/update:
2020-03-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Fisheries (including aquaculture and fishing), Illegal Economy - general, Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division
Language:
more
Sub-title:
The Fisheries Department declared a second marine protected area in Tanintharyi Region to protect endangered fish species and marine habitats.
Description:
"The new conservation area covers the coastal waters between Kawthoung township and Kau-ye Island, the department said in a statement.
Myanmar Marine Fisheries Law prohibits commercial fishing in the protected zone, and villagers living there must engage only in regulated and sustainable fishing.
The department said the protected area is of international significance because of its biodiversity, including several newly discovered fish species.
Its mangroves, coral reefs and sea grass beds serve as nurseries and spawning areas for fish. Dugong and whale sharks are among its inhabitants. Lampi Island in the Andaman Sea was Myanmar’s first island national park and marine protected area. It is the “Mother island” of the Moken, the sea gypsies who roamed the Andaman Sea with their traditional boats and now live in the park. It was declared an ASEAN Heritage Park in 2003.
Myanmar has declared an international obligation to protect 10 percent of its coastal and marine areas.
The department said it will propose a dozen more marine-protected areas across the country.
Environmentalists and conservationists said Myanmar’s marine resources are under severe stress due to over exploitation.
Recent studies said Myanmar coral reefs declined by 70pc in Rakhine State and Tanintharyi, in particular the offshore islands of the Myeik Archipelago, considered the most favourable grounds for coral.
Fish inhabiting the surface waters of Myanmar declined by about 80pc between 1980 and 2018, and there was a steep drop in commercially important fish on the seabed, according to a 2019 report on research by Myanmar and Norwegian scientists..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of publication:
2020-03-02
Date of entry/update:
2020-03-02
Grouping:
Individual Documents
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Description:
"The life of Robinson Crusoe, or any other castaway for that matter, can’t have been exactly idyllic. The sands may have been golden, the waters azure, the island “delightfully unspoilt” – but what did he do come happy hour?
All of which brings us to the Mergui Archipelago (aka Myeik Kyunzu, aka Maldives sans the masses), on the west coast of Myanmar, which teeters between being 800 mainly uninhabited islands pure and simple, plus some thriving coral reefs, and getting branded – the horror, the horror – “the next big thing”.
One or two resorts have opened up on the islands, balancing their eco credentials with assertions of luxury, and liveaboards still putter about, but otherwise Mergui is one of the few places in Asia that has not succumbed to the homogenisation engendered by mass tourism. The diving is unparalleled, and the sense of isolation untrammelled.
So – assuming this is not blindingly obvious – if there is any time to go, it would be sooner rather than later.
Apart from slurping up the peace, quiet and exclusivity, diving and snorkelling are the obvious recreations, while the Moken (sea gypsies) are tolerant of visitors. Forging a trail through some of the larger islands’ jungles has its Indiana Jones moments..."
Source/publisher:
"South China Morning Post" (Hong Kong)
Date of publication:
2019-04-01
Date of entry/update:
2019-12-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Wetlands (global and regional) description, Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division, Moken, Burmese political culture - general
Language:
more
Topic:
Dawei, Tanintharyi Region, artculture, development
Sub-title:
A new art gallery in the Tanintharyi capital of Dawei aims to showcase the natural beauty and cultural heritage of a region on the brink of large-scale development.
Topic:
Dawei, Tanintharyi Region, artculture, development
Description:
"“DAWEI is not like the rest of Myanmar. We have our own language, our own culture and literature. Our way of thinking is different,” explained Ma Mya Ei Thwe, a volunteer at the Dawei Art Space in the Tanintharyi Region capital.
Given Myanmar’s diversity, such statements are regularly heard in other parts of the country. However, because Tanintharyi is a nominally Bamar-majority administrative region, as opposed to an ethnic nationality state, its cultural distinctiveness is often overlooked.
Mya Ei Thwe, who is known to friends as Nge Nge, said locals were also prone to devalue their heritage in the desire for modernity and economic development. In an isolated region where many households are only kept afloat by remittances from relatives working in exploitative conditions in Thailand, there is straightforward desire for a better life.
Mya Ei Thwe said a better life needn’t come at the expense of identity. She believes that the gallery and the art it displays, with its focus on local subjects, could play a role in rekindling pride in the region’s natural and cultural inheritance.
“People want to copy more developed countries, but we’ll lose our culture and our values that way,” she said. “Through art, we can recall our childhood memories and our happiness.”
When the gallery opened in June, Dawei was being pummelled by monsoon rains that hit this lush coastal corner of southeastern Myanmar with particular ferocity. Close to the municipal market and just a couple of minutes’ walk from Strand Road along the river, the Dawei Art Space is one of the few contemporary cultural offerings in a small, low-rise city characterised by peeling colonial villas and family-run businesses..."
Source/publisher:
"Frontier Myanmar" (Myanmar)
Date of publication:
2019-11-17
Date of entry/update:
2019-11-17
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Arts - general, Dawei (economic, social, cultural, political), Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division
Language:
more
Sub-title:
Myanmar and Thailand will speed up development of a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and deep sea port at Dawei in Tanintharyi Region, officials said during the 9th Myanmar – Thailand Joint Coordinating Committee meeting last week.
Description:
"Basic infrastructure such as roads connecting the SEZ to Thailand and necessities like electricity will be prioritised and carried out simultaneously with as little delay in between as possible, said U Tun Naing, Deputy Minister for Ministry of Electricity and Energy and chair of the Dawei Special Economic Zone Management Committee.
Myanmar will accept a loan from Thailand at reduced interest rates to build the two-lane Dawei-Htee Khee road, which is expected to link the SEZ to Thailand and boost trade and tourism between the two countries. Construction on the 138-kilometre road, which is being carried out by Italian-Thai Development Company Ltd (ITD), began in 2018, after the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation approved the environmental and social impact assessment. In July this year, the World Wildlife Fund warned that Myanmar’s rainforests and at least nine globally-threatened species in Tanintharyi would face significant risks if the Dawei-Htee Khee road project continues without a comprehensive biodiversity protection plan..."
Source/publisher:
"Myanmar Times" (Myanmar)
Date of publication:
2019-10-07
Date of entry/update:
2019-10-07
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Dawei (Tavoy) Special Economic Zone, Burma's economic relations with Thailand, Thailand-Burma relations, Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division
Language:
more
Description:
"MYEIK, Myanmar, 26 February: The ‘last island paradise’ of the Mergui Archipelago, straddling Myanmar and Thailand, has been in the spotlight with a high-level inspection and a day visit by a large super-cruise ship last week.
The group of over 800 islands, for decades dubbed ‘the forbidden islands’ following its closure to all by the Burmese military junta since the 1960s, has opened to tourism with the establishment of new resorts on some of the uninhabited islands in recent years.
Myanmar’s leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi visited the new Wa Ale Resort in the Andaman Sea as part of a high-level three-day tour including the main towns of Myeik, Dawei and Kawthaung. The state counsellor was impressed by the conservation-led private resort, which protected fragile marine and land habitats before creating the minimal-impact resort. Accompanied by four senior ministers, including the minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (www.monrec.gov.mm/) U Ohn Win, and the Tanintharyi region Chief Minister Daw Lae Lae Maw, Myanmar’s elected leader inspected the tented villa and treehouse resort, which has a protected sea turtle sanctuary in the dunes of its main beach.
The VIP visitors heard from the Forestry Department’s (www.forestdepartment.gov.mm) Nyi Nyi Kyaw about plans for nature-based tourism in the 50,528 acre national marine park, and the area’s unique biodiversity of evergreen forests, mangroves, sandbanks, coral reefs and underwater grasses..."
Source/publisher:
"TTR Weekly" (Thailand)
Date of publication:
2019-02-26
Date of entry/update:
2019-10-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
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Description:
"While the state deserves praises for swiftly acting to rebuild the Moken community in Ao Bon Yai on the Surin Islands that was devastated by a recent fire, the government should try to move beyond "conventional" charity affairs and focus on the dignity, the quality of lives, and the actual needs of indigenous communities.
The Department of National Parks, Wildlife, and Plants (DNP) should also think big, as it has to rebuild more than 60 homes that were destroyed in the Feb 3 fire -- which it aim to rebuild within two months.
Community members have told me that they wish park officials would enlarge the size of the houses as overcrowding has become an issue. Prior to the fire, they said, it was not unusual to find more than 10 family members living under one roof..."
Source/publisher:
"Bangkok Post" (Thailand)
Date of publication:
2019-02-15
Date of entry/update:
2019-10-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
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Description:
"Myanmar will give the green light to new hotels in its southernmost archipelago by the end of the year, officials say.
The largely unspoilt Mergui archipelago comprises 800 islands in the Andaman Sea, just off the continental coast.
"The region has a lot of potential to be a new tourism destination as most of the islands are untouched and have coral reefs," said Sai Kyaw Ohn, deputy minister for hotels and tourism. "We hope these can attract eco-tourists and divers."
Some 27 local companies and joint ventures are awaiting approval from the Myanmar Investment Commission for new hotel and resort projects on the islands, he said..."
Source/publisher:
"Bangkok Post" (Thailand)
Date of publication:
2015-05-25
Date of entry/update:
2019-10-06
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division, Salon (Moken, Sea Gypsies), Sustainable/ethical/responsible tourism (Burma/Myanmar)
Language:
more
Topic:
Tanintharyi River, Karen, Karen National Union, International Finance Corporation, Myanmar, Environment
Topic:
Tanintharyi River, Karen, Karen National Union, International Finance Corporation, Myanmar, Environment
Description:
"The lack of transparency surrounding plans to construct dams on the Tanintharyi River in southern Myanmar, and the impact it will have on the livelihoods of the Karen – the area’s indigenous people – is set to add more tension to an area already filled with strife.
While there are 18 Memorandums of Understanding (MoU) for dams on the Tanintharyi River – one of southern Myanmar’s largest free-flowing waterways – local communities have received no information on their location, size or status according to a report by three civil society groups last week; Candle Light Youth Group, Southern Youth and Tarkapaw Youth Group.
The report titled ‘Blocking a Bloodline: Indigenous Communities along the Tanintharyi River Fear the Impact of Large-Scale Dams’ also notes that 32,008 people from 76 villages living directly along the river depend on it as a vital source of food, water, transportation and cultural expression – all of which are at risk due to plans to build a 1,040 megawatt (MW) hydropower project by Thai-owned Greater Mekong Sub-region Power Public Co Ltd (GMS)..."
Source/publisher:
"The ASEAN Post"
Date of publication:
2019-08-15
Date of entry/update:
2019-09-18
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division, Assessment of hydropower projects in Burma/Myanmar, Dams and other hydropower projects (global, regional), Dams and other projects on other rivers and their tributories, The impact of natural disasters on the environment and people of Burma/Myanmar, Burma's economic relations with Thailand, Thailand-Burma relations
Language:
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Description:
"THE ROAD trip from Dawei to Htee Khee, on the border with Thailand, can be an uncomfortable experience. Although the 54 kilometres from the Tanintharyi Region capital to the town of Myitta is tarred, the remaining 101km to Htee Khee is rough and bumpy, and the journey takes about six hours during rainy season.
At about the half-way mark, where the road runs beside the Tanintharyi River, the Karen National Union has a checkpoint at which all vehicles are stopped and required to pay a fee of THB100 (about K4,885) for every traveller.
Despite the shoddy infrastructure and the presence of armed groups like the KNU, many have high hopes for the crossing, and the business opportunities it may bring. Myanmar recently approved a loan from Thailand to upgrade the highway from the border to a long-delayed Special Economic Zone at Dawei. The Myanmar government was reported in July to be negotiating with the concessionaires, including a large Thai construction company, Italian-Thai Development, to start work on the initial phase of the US$8 billion project, which would include a deep-sea port.
Htee Khee, which was the headquarters of the KNU’s Brigade 4 until it relocated to a jungle site in 2012, has already started to attract opportunity seekers from other parts of the country who hope to cash in on the expected boom. For now though it remains a relatively quiet outpost, with little visible trade in either direction. The main business in the area appears to be casinos at nearby jungle resorts.
Visitors to Htee Khee are greeted by food stalls, shops and other small businesses, most of which are run by residents of Dawei, or by local ethnic Karen. That said, Mon, Bamar and even Pa-O shopkeepers have also established businesses there.
A noticeable difference between Htee Khee and other border gates in Myanmar is a paucity of big trucks, though that is likely to change if and when work begins on the SEZ. Most of the vehicles heading to Htee Khee from the Myanmar side are carrying jobseekers heading to Thailand; most of the trucks from the Thai side are delivering fruit, vegetables and fishing equipment.
Htee Khee’s development potential has also attracted investors from Dawei and other Tanintharyi Region townships. Thais with an interest in history are frequent visitors to Htee Khee as they head to Dawei and other nearby locations because the region was twice ruled by Siamese kingdoms, from 1287 to 1594 and from 1740 to about 1760..."
Source/publisher:
"Frontier Myanmar"
Date of publication:
2019-09-13
Date of entry/update:
2019-09-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division, Dawei (Tavoy) Special Economic Zone, Border Trade with Thailand, Thailand-Burma relations
Language:
more
Description:
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Burma Boating is set to launch monthly cruises around the Mergui Archipelago in southern Myanmar, combining two of the most sought-after activities in these pristine waters – yachting and scuba diving.
The SY Dallinghoo, a 30 meter classic gaff-rigged schooner crafted by renowned US yacht designer Dudley Dix, will cast off from the port of Kawthaung in southern Myanmar once a month from November 2019 through April 2020 and traverse the Mergui Archipelago on an 8 day, 7 night sailing trip which can accommodate up to eight qualified divers.
Michael Cole, the head of Burma Boating, says that with this new Sail & Dive adventure, they wanted to offer something extraordinary.
“There are few, if any, undiscovered nirvanas like the Mergui Archipelago left on this planet. These cruises will provide comfort, exquisite dining, and stops at no less than five fantastic dive sites, all of which feature a kaleidoscope of coral and magnificent marine life.”
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Burma Boating is set to launch monthly cruises around the Mergui Archipelago in southern Myanmar, combining two of the most sought-after activities in these pristine waters – yachting and scuba diving.
The SY Dallinghoo, a 30 meter classic gaff-rigged schooner crafted by renowned US yacht designer Dudley Dix, will cast off from the port of Kawthaung in southern Myanmar once a month from November 2019 through April 2020 and traverse the Mergui Archipelago on an 8 day, 7 night sailing trip which can accommodate up to eight qualified divers.
Michael Cole, the head of Burma Boating, says that with this new Sail & Dive adventure, they wanted to offer something extraordinary.
“There are few, if any, undiscovered nirvanas like the Mergui Archipelago left on this planet. These cruises will provide comfort, exquisite dining, and stops at no less than five fantastic dive sites, all of which feature a kaleidoscope of coral and magnificent marine life.”
Doing Myanmar's Mergui Archipelago in style | News by The Thaiger
The Mergui Archipelago is located in the Andaman Sea off the coast of southern Myanmar, and is home to the ethnic Moken community of fisherman, also known as “sea gypsies.”
For decades, the 800 islands, lagoons, atolls and coral reefs of the archipelago were off-limits to visitors. The islands are now accessible to limited sustainable tourism, though just five hotels have opened to date..."
Source/publisher:
"The Thaiger"
Date of publication:
2019-09-12
Date of entry/update:
2019-09-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division, Moken
Language:
more
Source/publisher:
Mizzima TV
Date of publication:
2016-03-28
Date of entry/update:
2019-07-13
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Dawei (economic, social, cultural, political), Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division, Dawei (Tavoy) Special Economic Zone
Language:
more
Description:
"With the support of The Asia Foundation, the Tanintharyi Region government in southwestern Myanmar today launched its inaugural Citizen?s Budget for the 2017/18 fiscal year, disseminating hundreds of physical copies to help citizens better understand the budget process and how the government receives and spends its resources"
Source/publisher:
Asia Foundation
Date of publication:
2018-01-22
Date of entry/update:
2018-02-05
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division
Language:
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Description:
"...We
have
selected
an
ancient
site
called
Thagara
located
ten
kilometers
north
of
Dawei
for
two
reasons.
Firstly,
as
explained
above,
the
habitation
areas
of
ancient
Thagara
are
little
known.
The
site
is
a
raised
mound
clearly
demarcated
with
a
series
of
up
to
four
earthen
and
brick
ramparts
and
moats.
The
area
inside
the
walls
is
densely
populated
while
the
perimeter
outside
the
walls
is
cultivated,
primarily
rice
fields.
Secondly,
the
Dawei
houses
are
urban
rather
than
the
rural
types
found
at
Thagara.
The
traditional
hearths
and
rice
barns
of
the
Thagara
houses
typify
the
agricultural
way
of
life
of
southern
Myanmar.
While
some
houses
have
modernized,
using
income
from
family
members
who
have
returned
from
periods
of
work
abroad,
most
of
Thagara?s
houses
use
traditional
methods
of
construction.".....Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015.
Zin Maung Maung, Soe Thainkha
Source/publisher:
International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015
Date of publication:
2015-07-26
Date of entry/update:
2015-09-09
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Cultural Heritage, Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division, International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies (ICBMS) 23-26 July, 2015
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
744.2 KB
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Description:
Abstract: "There are many unique traditional customs of the national races of Myanmar who are living in
the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The study of the traditional customs of a national race of
Myanmar is the best way to learn about the traditional customs of
Myanmar. The culture of a
country is its life-blood. If the culture of a country had disappeared, the people of this country
will be vanished completely. Today is the globalization age, therefore, preservation of our own
culture is very necessary for all.
As Dawei
is situated in the southern part of the Republic of the
Union of Myanmar, it is far from upper and central Myanmar. As a result, the traditional customs
of Dawei
people are different from the others. As Dawei
is located at the inner part of
Tanintharyi
coastal region, it is a region where ancient traditional culture, folk songs, traditional
dance and dialects can be preserved. The study focused on the unique traditional customs of
Dawei
People which are different from the traditional customs of oth
er national races of
Myanmar. This paper emphasizes some traditional customs of
Daweis
and famous religious
festivals preserved untill today. It will contribute to understand the preservation of traditional
customs of
Dawei people and their preservations.".....Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015.
Maw Maw Aye
Source/publisher:
International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-26 July 2015
Date of publication:
2015-07-26
Date of entry/update:
2015-08-20
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) Division, Tavoyan, Ethnic Groups, International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies (ICBMS) 23-26 July, 2015
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
781.01 KB
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Description:
"Myeik" is a famous city in Tenimtharyi division. But the term Myeik is different from "Maliek" and "Marate". In Shan
language the word Marate means "Ma" horse, while "rate" means pillar, therefore Marate means Horse Pillar. Literary
people called Myeik "Maleik". According to Bagan inscriptions the original word Maleik came to mean Myeik.....Subject Terms: Myeik.....
Key Words Maryeik
Col. Ba Shin
Source/publisher:
"Bagan Sar-oke", No. 153, pp295-308, Bagan Sar-oke Taik, via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1968-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-11-16
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
Format :
pdf
Size:
205.02 KB
Local URL:
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