Shan history

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Description: Contents: * 1 Ethnicity * 2 Culture * 3 History * 4 Politics o 4.1 Independence and exiled government * 5 See also * 6 Notes * 7 References * 8 External links
Source/publisher: Wikipedia
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-15
Grouping: Websites/Multiple Documents
Category: Shan history
Language: English
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Description: "၁။ ယနေ့ကျရောက်သော ရှမ်းတိုင်းရင်းသားတို့၏ (၇၆) နှစ်မြောက် ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်နေ့ အချိန် အခါသမယတွင် ရှမ်းတိုင်းရင်းသားများနှင့်တကွ တိုင်းရင်းသားပြည်သူတစ်ရပ်လုံး စစ်အာဏာရှင် စနစ် ချုပ်ငြိမ်းကွယ်ပျောက်ပြီး ဖက်ဒရယ် ဒီမိုကရေစီနိုင်ငံသစ်ကို အမြန်ဆုံး ပိုင်ဆိုင်နိုင်ကြပါ စေကြောင်း ဆုတောင်း မေတ္တာပို့သအပ်ပါသည်။ ၂။ ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်သည် ရေမြေတောတောင်သာယာပြီး ရာသီဥတုမျှတ၍ သဘာဝ အလှများ နှင့် ပြည့်စုံကြွယ်ဝသော ဒေသတစ်ခုဖြစ်ပြီး ပြည်နယ်အတွင်း ရှမ်းလူမျိုးများအပြင် ကချင် ၊ ကရင်၊ ကယား ၊ ပအိုဝ်း ၊ လားဟူ ၊ အခါ ၊ ပလောင် ၊ ဓနု ၊ အင်းသားအစရှိသည့် အခြားလူမျိုးစု တိုင်းရင်းသား များ အတူတကွ ပူးပေါင်းနေထိုင်ကြကာ ထူးခြားသည့် ဝိသေသလက္ခဏာပိုင်ဆိုင်ထားသော ပြည်နယ်တစ်ခုဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ၃။ ဒုတိယကမ္ဘာစစ်အပြီးတွင် အမျိုးသားခေါင်းဆောင်ကြီးများ၏ ဦးဆောင်မှုဖြင့် မြန်မာ့ လွတ်လပ်ရေးအတွက် တစ်မျိုးသားလုံး သွေးစည်းညီညွတ်စွာ ကြိုးပမ်းခဲ့ကြပါသည်။ လွတ်လပ်ရေး ပေးရာတွင် တောင်တန်းဒေသများကို ချန်လှပ်ထားရန် ကိုလိုနီနယ်ချဲ့တို့၏ ကြိုးစားမှုများကို လက်မခံဘဲ ဗိုလ်ချုပ်အောင်ဆန်းနှင့် ရှမ်း၊ ကချင်၊ ချင်း တိုင်းရင်းသားခေါင်းဆောင်များသည် ပြည်မနှင့်အတူပူးပေါင်း၍ လွတ်လပ်ရေးရယူမည်ဟူသော သဘောတူဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်ကို ၁၉၄၇ ခုနှစ်၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ လ ၇ ရက်နေ့တွင် ချမှတ်နိုင်ခဲ့ပါသည်။ ထိုသို့ တောင်တန်း၊ ပြည်မ မခွဲခြားဘဲ မြန်မာတစ်နိုင်ငံလုံး လွတ်လပ်ရေးကို အတူတကွ ရယူရန် ဆုံးဖြတ်နိုင်ခဲ့သော ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ လ ၇ ရက် နေ့ကို ဂုဏ်ပြုသောအားဖြင့် ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်နေ့အဖြစ် သတ်မှတ်ခဲ့ပါသည်။ ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်နေ့သည် မြန်မာပြည်လွတ်လပ်ရေးနှင့်တိုင်းရင်းသား စည်းလုံးညီညွတ်ရေး ရရှိစေသော၊ ၁၉၄၇ ခုနှစ် သမိုင်းဝင်ပင်လုံညီလာခံကာလအတွင်း ပေါ်ပေါက်ခဲ့သောနေ့တစ်နေ့ဖြစ်ကြောင်း မှတ်ယူနိုင်ပြီး ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်နေ့ အထိမ်းအမှတ် အခမ်းအနားများ ကျင်းပလာခဲ့သည်မှာ ယနေ့တွင် (၇၆) နှစ် မြောက်တိုင်ခဲ့ပြီ ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ၄။ နှစ်ပေါင်း (၇၀) ကျော်ကြာ စစ်အာဏာရှင်လက်အောက်တွင် မိမိတို့နိုင်ငံသည် တိုင်းရင်းသားပြည်သူများ၏ အခွင့်အရေးများစွာကို လက်လွှတ်ဆုံးရှုံးခဲ့ရပါသည်။ အနာဂတ်တွင် နိုင်ငံသားတိုင်း ကိုယ်ပိုင်ပြဋ္ဌာန်းခွင့်၊ ကိုယ်ပိုင်လွတ်လပ်ခွင့်၊ ကိုယ့်ကံကြမ္မာ ကိုယ်ဖန်တီးနိုင်ခွင့်၊ တန်းတူညီမျှခွင့်၊ မိမိတို့ယုံကြည်ချက်ကို လွတ်လပ်စွာ ထုတ်ဖော်ပြောဆိုခွင့်စသည့် မွေးရာပါ အခွင့်အရေးများ ရရှိစေပြီး အတိတ်စနစ်ဆိုးအောက်၌ ပြည်သူများ၏ အသက်သွေးချွေး ပေးဆပ်ခဲ့ရမှုများအတွက် အကောင်းဆုံးကုစားပေးနိုင်မည့် ခေတ်တစ်ခေတ်ကို ထူထောင် ပေးရန်မှာ မိမိတို့အားလုံး၏ သမိုင်းပေးတာဝန်တစ်ရပ် ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ၅။ စစ်အာဏာရှင်ခေတ်အဆက်ဆက်၊ တိုက်ပွဲအဆက်ဆက်၊ အရေးတော်ပုံ အဆက်ဆက်တွင် တိုင်းပြည်နှင့်လူမျိုးအတွက် စွန့်လွှတ်စွန့်စားကာ ပေးဆပ်အနစ် နာခံခဲ့ကြသည့် ရှမ်းတိုင်းရင်းသား များ၏ ပင်လုံစိတ်ဓာတ်ကို အခြေခံကာ ဖက်ဒရယ် ဒီမိုကရေစီနိုင်ငံသစ်တည်ဆောက်ရေးဟူသည့် ဘုံရည်မှန်းချက်ကို လက်တွေ့ကျကျ အတူတကွ ပုံဖော်တည်ဆောက်၍ ဆက်လက်ကြိုးပမ်း ဆောင်ရွက်သွားမည်ဖြစ်ကြောင်း သန္နိဋ္ဌာန်ပြုလျက် ဤ (၇၆) နှစ်မြောက် ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်နေ့ သဝဏ်လွှာအား လေးစားစွာ ပေးပို့အပ်ပါသည်။..."
Source/publisher: Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
2023-02-07
Date of entry/update: 2023-02-07
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Format : pdf
Size: 296.8 KB
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Description: "၁။ ယနေ့ ကျရောက်သော (၇၆) နှစ်မြောက် ရှမ်းအမျိုးသားနေ့(ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်နေ့)တွင် ရှမ်းပြည်နယ် အတွင်းနှင့် ပြည်ထောင်စုတဝှမ်း နေထိုင်ကြသော ရှမ်းပြည်သူလူထုများအားလုံး စိတ်၏ချမ်းသာခြင်း၊ ကိုယ်၏ကျန်းမာခြင်းတို့နှင့် ပြည့်စုံပါလျက် ဘေးကင်းရန်ကွာ ရှိပါစေကြောင်း ဆုမွန်ကောင်း တောင်းအပ် ပါသည်။ ၂။ ၁၉၄၇ ခုနှစ် ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ (၇) ရက်နေ့တွင် ရှမ်းပြည်စော်ဘွားများနှင့် ရှမ်းလူထု၏ စည်းလုံး ညီညွတ်မှုအားကို ဗြိတိသျှအစိုးရမှ မလွန်ဆန်နိုင်ပဲ ရှမ်းပြည်စော်ဘွားများကောင်စီ (ရှမ်းပြည်ကောင်စီ)၏ တောင်းဆိုချက်များကို လိုက်လျောပေးခဲ့ရသည်။ တနည်းအားဖြင့် ဗြိတိသျှ အာဏာပိုင်အစိုးရအား လူထု အားဖြင့် တွန်းလှန်နိုင်ခဲ့ခြင်းပင်ဖြစ်သည်။ ၃။ ထိုနေ့တွင် ဗြိတိသျှအစိုးရမှ ရှမ်းလူထု၏ တောင်းဆိုချက်များကို လိုက်လျောပေးခဲ့ရသည့်အပြင် ဆက်လက်ကျင်းပလျက်ရှိသော ၁၉၄၇ ခုနှစ် ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ (၁၂) နေ့ ပင်လုံညီလာခံတွင် အချက်(၉) ချက်ပါ ပင်လုံစာချုပ်ကို ကချင်၊ချင်း၊ဗမာ၊ရှမ်း လူထုခေါင်းဆောင်များက တညီတညွတ်တည်း သဘောတူ လက်မှတ် ရေးထိုးနိုင်ခဲ့ကြသည်။ ၄။ အဆိုပါနေ့ကို အစွဲပြု၍ ၁၉၄၇ ခုနှစ် ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ (၁၁) ရက်နေ့တွင် ကျင်းပသည့် ပင်လုံညီလာခံမှ ရှမ်းအမျိုးသားအလံ၊ ရှမ်းအမျိုးသားသီချင်းများ အပါအဝင် ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ (၇) ရက်နေ့ကို ရှမ်းအမျိုးသားနေ့ အဖြစ် သတ်မှတ်နိုင်ခဲ့သည်။ လွတ်လပ်ရေး၏ အစဖြစ်သည့် ပင်လုံစာချုပ်ကို သွေးစည်းညီညွတ်စွာဖြင့် ချုပ်ဆိုနိုင်ခဲ့သည့် လမ်းစဖြစ်သကဲ့သို့ ရှမ်းလူထု၏ သမိုင်းမော်ကွန်းဝင် ကြီးမားသောအောင်မြင်မှုလည်း ဖြစ်သည်။ လွတ်လပ်ရေး ရယူရာတွင် အလွန်ထူးကဲ အရေးပါလှသော သမိုင်းမှတ်တိုင်လည်းဖြစ်သည်။ ၅။ ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်နှင့် ရှမ်းလူထုသည် ခေတ်အဆက်ဆက် နိုင်ငံရေးလှိုင်းတံပိုးကြမ်းများကို နှစ်ကာလ များစွာ ဖြတ်သန်းခဲ့ရသည်။ ယနေ့မျက်မှောက် အချိန်အခါတွင်လည်း ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်အပါအဝင် တိုင်းပြည် တဝှမ်းတွင် ဖက်ဆစ်စစ်တပ်၏ ဆိုးသွမ်းယုတ်မာ ရက်စက်မှုများကို ပြည်သူများ ခါးစည်းခံစားနေရဆဲ ဖြစ်သည်။ ၆။ တိုင်းပြည်နှင့် လူထုအား လက်ရှိကြုံတွေ့နေရသော ဆင်းရဲဒုက္ခတွင်းမှ လွတ်မြောက်စေရန် ရှမ်းပြည် နယ်အတွင်းရှိ တော်လှန်ရေး အင်အားစုများနှင့် နိုင်ငံရေးအင်အားစုများသည် တညီတညွတ်တည်း ပေါင်းစည်း ညီညာ၍ စစ်အာဏာရှင်စနစ် အပြီးတိုင်တိုက်ဖျက်ရေး၊ အနာဂတ် ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီ ပြည်ထောင်စုသစ် တည်ထောင်ရေးဟူသော ပြည်သူလူထု၏ မျှော်မှန်းတောင့်တချက်များကို ကြိုးစားဖြည့်စွမ်း ပေးကြ လိမ့်မည်ဟု ယုံကြည်လျက် ယနေ့ ကျရောက်သော (၇၆) နှစ်မြောက် ရှမ်းအမျိုးသားနေ့ (ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်နေ့) သဝဏ်လွှာကို လေးစားဂုဏ်ယူစွာဖြင့် ပေးပို့အပ်ပါသည်။..."
Source/publisher: Ministry of Defence - National Unity Government of Myanmar
2023-02-07
Date of entry/update: 2023-02-07
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : pdf
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Description: "၁။ ၁၉၄၇ ခုနှစ် ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ ၆ ရက် မှ ၁၂ ရက် အတွင်း ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်၊ ပင်လုံမြို့၌ကျင်းပခဲ့သော ကျင်းပခဲ့သောပင်လုံညီလာခံတွင် ရှမ်းအမျိုးသားသီချင်း နှင့် ဝါ စိမ်း နီ ရှမ်း အမျိုးသား အလံတော်ကို တရားဝင်သတ်မှတ်ခဲ့ပြီး ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ ၇ ရက်နေ့ကို ရှမ်းအမျိုးသားနေ့ (ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်နေ့) အဖြစ် ပြဋ္ဌာန်းသတ်မှတ် ကျင်းပ ခဲ့သည်မှာ (၇၆)ကြိမ်တိုင်ခဲ့ပြီဖြစ်သည်။ ၂။ ထို့ပင်လုံညီလာခံ၌ပင် ကြားဖြတ်ဗမာအစိုးရ (Proper Burma) နှင့် ဖက်ဒရယ်ရှမ်းပြည် ကချင်ပြည်၊ချင်းပြည်အပါအဝင် တိုင်းရင်းသားကိုယ်စားလှယ်တို့အကြား နိုင်ငံရေးဆိုင်ရာ ယုံကြည်မှု များတည်ဆောက်နိုင်ခဲ့ပြီး ပင်လုံစာချုပ်၏နိဒါန်း၌ “ကြားဖြတ်ဗမာအစိုးရနှင့် ချက်ချင်း ပူးပေါင်း လိုက်ခြင်းအားဖြင့် ရှမ်း၊ ကချင်၊ ချင်းတို့သည် လွတ်လပ်ရေးကို ပိုမိုလျင်မြန်စွာ ရရှိလိမ့်မည်” ဟူသော ဖော်ပြချက်၊ ပင်လုံစာချုပ် အပိုဒ် ၅ ၌ “နယ်တွင်းအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးတွင် ယခုရရှိခံစားလျက်ရှိသော ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး ဆုံးပါးရန် မည်သည့်ဒေသတွင်မဆို လုံးဝပြုလုပ်လိမ့်မည် မဟုတ်ပါ” ဟူ သော ဖော်ပြချက်တို့နှင့် ပင်လုံစာချုပ် အပိုဒ် ၇ ၌ “တောင်တန်းဒေသရှိ ပြည်သူတို့သည် ဒီမိုကရေစီ တိုင်းပြည်များတွင်ရရှိ ခံစားလျက်ရှိသော အခြေခံအခွင့်အရေးများနှင့် ရပိုင်ခွင့်ဟု သတ်မှတ်ထား သည့် အခွင့်အရေးများနှင့် ရပိုင်ခွင့်များ ရရှိခံစားစေရမည်” ဟု ဖော်ပြချက်များအရ အဆိုပါ ရှမ်းအမျိုးသားခေါင်းဆောင်များအပါအဝင် တိုင်းရင်းသားခေါင်းဆောင်တို့၏ ပင်လုံညီလာခံမှ သဘောတူ ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်များသည် ယနေ့နိုင်ငံတော်၏ နယ်နိမိတ်၊ အကျယ်အဝန်းနှင့်ပုံသဏ္ဍာန်ကို တည်ဆောက်ခဲ့ခြင်းဖြစ်ပြီး ပင်လုံ၏ ကတိကဝတ်သည် ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီနိုင်ငံထူထောင်ရေး ရည်မှန်းချက်ပင်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ၃။ ပင်လုံညီလာခံမှ ရရှိခဲ့သော ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်များ၊ ကတိကဝတ်များ၊ ကိုယ်ပိုင်ပြဋ္ဌာန်းခွင့်နှင့် တန်းတူညီမျှရေး သန္နိဋ္ဌာန်များသည် ကာလရှည်ကြာမြန်မာ့နိုင်ငံရေးပြဿနာအား အဖြေရှာရေး အဓိကလိုအပ်ချက်ဖြစ်သည့် ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီနိုင်ငံတော် တည်ဆောက်နိုင်ရေးအတွက် လွန်စွာ အရေးကြီးသည့် အခြေခံအုတ်မြစ်လည်း ဖြစ်နေပါသည်။ ၄။ ထိုအခြေခံအုတ်မြစ် ပင်လုံကတိကဝတ်တို့ဖြင့် တည်ဆောက်သော ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီ နိုင်ငံတော်ကြီးသည် စစ်အာဏာရှင်စနစ်အပါအဝင် အာဏာရှင်စနစ်မှန်သမျှ မချုပ်ငြိမ်းသရွေ့ ထူထောင်နိုင်မည် မဟုတ်သလို ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးနှင့်ဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေးအစစ်အမှန်သည်လည်း ရရှိနိုင်မည် မဟုတ်ကြောင်း ပင်လုံကတိကဝတ်ဖော်ဆောင်ရန်ပျက်ကွက်ခြင်းကြောင့် ဖြစ်ပေါ်ခဲ့သည့် နှစ်(၇၀)ကျော်ကြာ နိုင်ငံရေးပြသာနာများက မီးမောင်းထိုးပြလျက်ရှိပါသည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် လက်ရှိအချိန်တွင် ပြည်သူလူထုတစ်ရပ်လုံးလက်တွဲလျက် စစ်အာဏာရှင်စနစ် အပါအဝင် အာဏာရှင် စနစ်မှန်သမျှ အဆုံးသတ်စေရန် နည်းလမ်းမျိုးစုံဖြင့် တော်လှန်တိုက်ပွဲဝင်နေကြခြင်း ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ထိုသို့တော်လှန်တိုက်ပွဲဝင်ကြရာတွင် ရှမ်းတိုင်းရင်းသားများ၊ ရှမ်းပါတီများ အပါအဝင် ရှမ်းတော်လှန် ရေးအင်အားစုများ၏ အသက်သွေးချွေးစွန့်လွှတ်ကာ တိုက်ပွဲဝင်နေကြသည်မှာ မျက်မှောက်ခေတ် သမိုင်းတွင် အထင်အရှားပင်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ၅။ သို့ဖြစ်ရာ ယခုရှမ်းအမျိုးသားနေ့ (၇၆) ကြိမ်မြောက်အခါသမယတွင် ရှမ်းတိုင်းရင်းသားတို့ အပါအဝင် ပြည်သူတစ်ရပ်လုံး၏ ဘုံရည်မှန်းချက်ဖြစ်သော ဖက်ဒရယ်ဒီမိုကရေစီနိုင်ငံ ထူထောင်ရေး အခြေခံအုတ်မြစ်ဖြစ်သည့် ကိုယ်ပိုင်ပြဋ္ဌာန်းခွင့်နှင့် တန်းတူညီမျှရေးအတွက် ကျွန်ုပ်တို့ အမျိုးသား ညီညွတ်ရေးအတိုင်ပင်ခံကောင်စီအနေဖြင့် ရှမ်းတိုင်းရင်းသားများနှင့်အတူ တွဲလက်မြဲမြံစွာ တော်လှန် တိုက်ပွဲဝင်သွားမည်ဟု အလေးအနက်ကတိသစ္စာပြုအပ်ပါကြောင်း သဝဏ်လွှာ ပေးပို့ပါသည်။..."
Source/publisher: National Unity Consultative Council
2023-02-07
Date of entry/update: 2023-02-07
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Description: "..Book contents; chapter (1) Dr. Cushing's arrival-A-heng-leave Shoaygoon-Gold and silver carried-Flood of 1877-A bad driver... (2) Surveying-Thankful for a halt-Leave Hlineboay, Karen houses infested with bugs-Halt near well- Rigging up shelter for the night... (3) Rev. D. Webster's party detained-Siamese officials expect bribes-Photographic plates all spoilt-visit from Karen-Joined by the B.B. party.. (4) Maing Loongyee traversed by war-paths-Dr. Richardson's visi- Price and suburbs-Visit the governor-The Shan States-Government... (5) Leave Maing Loongyee-A hundred-foot waterfall- A beautiful hill-torrent-A lugubrious tale-Gibbons-Gigantic tree-ferns-Shans cruel elephant.. (6) Path for a railway-Lawa Sivas-Legends of Poo-Sa and Ya-Sa, and of Me-Lang-ta the Lawa King-Story of a Yak-Descent from the Bau platean... (7) Leave Muang Haut-Legend of the rapids-Footprints of Buddha ... (8) Description of Shan houses-Cabalistic charms-Superstition-Ancestral and demon worship.. (9) Our reception-the mission-house-A beautiful view- Arepast.. (10) Chow Oo-boon, a spirit-medium-Consulting ancestral spirits- An exorcist.. (11) Visit the Siamese commissioner-Description and dress of Siamese.. (12) Dinner at the Princess's- Arrangements for start completed- A passport-Our pavilion- Th Zimme plain- Leave Zimme.. (13) Paying for supplies-Land and teak-forests belong to chiefs-Land rent-Light taxation.. (14) A Chinese fortification- Chinese Army destroyed by famine-Viang Pa Pow-Kiang Tung Lawas.. (15) Princes in their best clothes- A procession- Reach Kiang Hai- Dilapidated houses... (16) A State visit from chief-Insignia of office-Plentiful rainfall- Rain-clods from the north-Only silver coins- Indian money.. (17) Leave Kiang Hai- A hot spring- Elephants without tusks-Elephant-driving.. (18) The Meh Kong at Kiang Hsen- Ringworm-Extensive ruins-Description of city-Importance of situation for trade... (19) At Kiang Hai-Ferocious dog-Chinese pack-saddles and mules-Routes from China- Articles of merchandise.. (20) Settled by Lakon-Population-Smallpox-Tutelary spirits- Ancients cities-Trade-routes and cost of transport.. (21) Leave Penyow-Wild roses-An inundated country-Royal funeral buildings-Posts two hundred feet long-Collection and uses of wood-oil.. "
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1980-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2020-01-05
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 30.12 MB
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Description: "...Book Contents:Journal of an Excursion in the Mishmee Mountains, Tea localities in the Muttock Districts, Upper Assam, Journey from Upper Assam towards Hookum, Journey from Hookum to Ava, Botanical Notes written in pencil, connected with the foregoing Chapter, General Report on the foregoing, Notes on descending the Irrawaddi from Ava to Rangoon, written in pencil, Journey towards Assam, Continuation of the same, with Notes on the Distribution of Plants, Journey from Assam into Bootan, with Notes on the Distribution of Plants, Continuation of the Journey in Bootan, Return of the Mission from Bootan, with Meteorological Observations, etc, Journey with the Army of the Indus, from Loodianah to Candahar, Journey from Candahar to Cabul, Journey from Cabul to Bamean—the Helmund and Oxus rivers, Journey from Cabul to Jallalabad and Peshawur, Journey from Peshawur to Pushut, On the Reproductive Organs of Acotyledonous plants, Journey from Pushut to Kuttoor and Barowl in Kaffiristan, and return to Pushut and Cabul, Journey from Cabul to Kohi-Baba, Journey from Peshawur to Lahore, Journey from Lahore to Simla, Barometrical Heights and Latitudes of places visited throughout Afghanistan..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
2005-02-25
Date of entry/update: 2020-01-05
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Format : PDF
Size: 1.08 MB
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Description: "...Book Contents: Chapter (1) A messenger from the perfect, (2) Leave Lin-an, (3) Flat-roofed housed, (4) Lu-ung-Opium-smokers (5) Frequent changes of temperature at Yuan-Kiang and Manhao (6) Cold calculated by the blankets required (7) A broken-up table-land (8) Rumours of disturbances in the Shan country (9) Similarity to Shan country (10) Thibetan muleteers (11) Up-and-down marching (12) Ruins and cultivation (13) Reception at Ching-Tung (14) The brother and sister hills (15) Kindness to children (16) A hearty welcome (17) British goods found in the Shan country and Yunnan (18) IMportance of the development of trade with Shan (19) Difficulty in procuring a guide (20) Description Tali, (21) Start from Tali (22) The Yung-chang valley (23) A clean inn-Jabbering at night (24) Description of the aborigines (25) Leaving Chu-tung (26) arrival at Manwyne (27) arrival at Lasa (28) A night with the sand-flies.."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1983-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2020-01-05
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Format : PDF
Size: 27.51 MB
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Description: "... Contents; Chapter (1) the golden country- Mineral wealth - M.Mouhot's account - Precious stones.... (2) Leave Bangkok, (3) Foiled in crossing-Frightened Elephants-InSiam-Police-Pitching tents.... (4) March to the Baw plateau-the water parting of the menam and salween-Lawas.... (5) Sources of information-Karen habitat-orang-outang - Lawas and Kachyens (6) Leave Baw-Beautiful scenery-Dulness of natives- Rubies-Muang Haut-Silkworms-Fruti-Vegetables..(7) Rest-houses provided-Hospitality-Paying for presents-Foolish scruples-Kiang Tong... (8) Achief-shaking hands-Entry into Zime.... (9) The sooptip pagoda-Burmese forts-A nest of monks-Entrance of Buddhism into Burmah.. (10) Buddhists browsing in the missionary fold-Anamite converts-the last, best gift of France-An ugly race.. (11) Burmese contempt for the Shans-Theatres as schools for maners-Matrimony in Burmah... (12) The home of the Shans- various names for diverse races-Origin of tattooing-Description of the Youe....(13) Influence of education upon habits-Woman's superiority in Burmah and Siam-Training girls-A moral people...(14) The Siamese commissioner -The power of Siam.. (15) Tyranny in Burmah-Character of Shans-Weapons-Warfare-Rewards for killing tigers- Monkeys with tigers and crocodiles... (16) McLeod's journey-The "Golden Road"..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1885-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2020-01-05
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
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Format : PDF
Size: 29.61 MB
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Sub-title: A tale of travel in Burma, The southern Shan Sate and Keng Tung
Description: "...Contents: The road to Loneliness, Keng Tung-Its Festivals, Keng Tung-Its Market, The Shans, Keng Tung-Its Shrines, Winter on the Plain, Loimwe, The enchanted Wood, The enchanted wood (continued), The Mekong Border, The Siamese Border, The Chinese Border, Arts and Industries, In the New Way, Yauk-chya Mein-ma, The voice of Burma...."
Creator/author:
Date of entry/update: 2020-01-05
Grouping: Individual Documents
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Format : PDF
Size: 13.61 MB
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Description: "... Book contents: the northern Shan, the baby, A child's life, boys and girls, young men and maidens, marriage, old age and funeral ceremonies, the home, characteristics and customs, village life, agriculture, country and jungle, industries, medicine and charms, government, Shan cosmogony and the creation, language and literature, folk-lore..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1910-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2020-01-05
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 25.42 MB
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Description: "...Book contents: Shanland and its peoples, some earlier Shans, Past Shan-Burmese relations, Preparations, Chaos and revolts, Annexation by marching columns, Southern and northern Shan columns, Karenni, The third Annexation tour: Kengtung, Boundary with Siam, Boundary with France, The Wa states, Boundary with China, Epilogue..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1963-08-00
Date of entry/update: 2020-01-05
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 31 MB
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Description: ''....Book Contents: (1) The origin of the Shans; conditions in general, in search of the Shan baby's footprints (2) Shans of Yunnan and Beyond; from early times to the middle of the seventh century A.., from the middle of the seventh to the middle of the thirteenth centuries (3) Shan on the Lower Cambodia River (4) Shans of Burma or the Mao Kingdom; the legendary period, from early times to the middle of the tenth century to the present time (5) Language, Affinities and Letters, (6) Shan religion (Mythological), Shan Buddhism, Christianity and Animistic Buddhism..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1915-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2020-01-05
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 11.57 MB
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Description: "... Book contents: The cloud in the south, the last festival of the full moon, the governor of the city, the council of war, final steps, the other side, the king's foreign merchants, what news, Surrender, the last dawn..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1899-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2020-01-05
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 13.92 MB
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Description: "..Hsen Wi history was summarized by Mr. Ney Elisas and it is pieced together from two manuscripts, one furnished by the Northern Hsen Wi Stae, the other by the Southern, a division which dates from the British occupation. Both chronicles are moderns compilations...."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1967-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-12-14
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 2.87 MB
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Description: "Table Content: preliminary remarks, The story of Mung-Mau, The Story of Mogaung, Theninni (Murn-Siuen-wi), Momiet and Asam, Mo-Nyn (Muang-Nyang), Monei, Taipo, (Tai-po), Bamo (Man-mo)..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1876-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-12-14
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 12.83 MB
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Description: "Table content: PART ONE: An Autobiographical introduction; A Native of the Shan Hills. PART TWO: Shan-Burmese relations; An Overview of Shan-Burmese Relations, The Development of Shan-Burmese Relations, Shan-Burmese Relations from 1948. PART THREE: Who's who in Shan State politics; Historical and Political Personalities..."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
2010-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-12-14
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 15.4 MB
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Description: "The book contents included Shan history in the period of Shan history from A.D 764-952, period from A.D 957-1311, period from A.D 1311-1405, period from A.D 1405-1752, and period from A.D 1752-1948...."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1998-02-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-11-09
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 794.01 KB
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Description: "Shan history was written in Thai Language. The contents included what is Tai or Shan, history of Shan revolution such as The Shan United Front, Shan State Army...."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1986-02-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-10-12
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 8.67 MB
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Description: "This report was written to submit to Shan State Commission. The report contents included shan language history, shan alphabets, consonants, vowels and diphthongs, tones....."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1969-10-31
Date of entry/update: 2019-10-12
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 5 MB
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Description: "This book was written about Panglong agreement; the contents included first Panglong conference in 1946 also know as Saophas or Chaofa meeting, Pang Long agreement, and after independents from British ....."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1985-05-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-10-12
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 19.06 MB
Local URL:
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Description: "Table of Contents: about SSPP; political line; party and Shan state army; SSPP challenges...."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1984-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-09-28
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 935.21 KB
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Description: "Nine Shan Scholar Biography including their famous works ...."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
00-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-09-01
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 6.52 MB
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Description: ''History of Sur Karn Fa, Tai famous kingdom in year 1291 ....."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
00-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-09-01
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 3.04 MB
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Description: "Tai history from ancient period AD-78 to AD 1113...."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
2000-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-31
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : PDF pdf
Size: 461 KB 461.05 KB
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Description: "History of Pang U or May Myo from 485(BC 59)...'
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
2011-10-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-31
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : PDF pdf
Size: 364 KB 363.14 KB
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Description: ""History of Tai Yuan also called Zarm Kar who are living eastern part of Shan State... history from AD-1479...."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
2010-04-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-31
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 249.72 KB
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Description: "Tai history from ancient period AD-226 to Pang Long agreement 1947....."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
2011-05-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-31
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : PDF
Size: 4.49 MB
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Sub-title: "Nan Chow" "Nan Chao"
Description: "Tai history from ancient period 2697 BC to 1734 AD...."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1998-03-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-31
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 1.32 MB
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Sub-title: "Will you be the same with them?"
Description: "Tai history from ancient period 208 BC to AD 1253....."
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
2000-10-15
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-31
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 778.72 KB
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Description: "Tai in the world" article was published in Sen Pai magazine....
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
2005-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-31
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 143.65 KB
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Description: " The article written about Tai in Vietnam called Champa, Tai Tum or Tai Viet .....
Creator/author:
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
2007-10-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-31
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf pdf
Size: 648 KB 648.8 KB
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Description: "Contents in the book included; confederation of Shan States, british rule in Burma, Independence (1948–2010), Panglong Agreement, Shan State Army, Shan Nationalities League for Democracy..."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1988-04-12
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-18
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 5.18 MB
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Description: "Nine Shan Scholar Biography including their famous works ...."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1986-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-18
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 13.64 MB
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Description: "This hand book for arm group; military strategy, ground strategy and the art of war..."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1889-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-18
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 2.43 MB
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Description: "Shan History from from Shan dynasty period to Shan kingdoms called mueang ruled by "saopha"...."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1999-12-27
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-18
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 1.14 MB
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Description: "Tai history from ancient period AD-226 to Pang Long agreement 1947....."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
00-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-18
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 12.99 MB
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Description: "Brief history of Wat Kaw Merng in Seanwi township, Northern Shan Sate, Myanmar...."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
00-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-18
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 5.16 MB
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Description: "The history of Wat Ku Mu Zoi Chetiya in Tung Pong, Taunggyi Twonship, Southren Shan Sate, Myanmar...."
Source/publisher: Kham Koo Website
1999-06-26
Date of entry/update: 2019-08-18
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language:
Format : pdf
Size: 31.28 MB
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Description: Document containing proposals For the REVISION of the CONSTITUTION OF THE UNION OF BURMA submitted by THE SHAN STATE, translated by Sao Singha. This document was ratified by the Convention, attended by delegates from the entire Shan State, which was held in Taunggyi on Saturday, 25th of February, 1961.
Creator/author: Trans. Sao Singha
Source/publisher: Shan State Steering Committee
1961-02-25
Date of entry/update: 2017-05-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 506.26 KB
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Description: "This is one of the few attempts made by the Shans to introduce themselves to the world at large. I sincerely hope that this brochure helps clear up at least some of the gravest misconceptions about the Shans and our homeland"
Source/publisher: Shan Human Rights Foundation, 1994
1992-12-01
Date of entry/update: 2015-10-26
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Description: Historical Setting: "The Shan who belong to the Tai ethnic group of Mongoloid family migrated from China into Myanmar before the Christian Era (Scott and Hardiman, 1901a). Although the date of their migration was still controversial, they had already present in Myanmar before the rise of Bagan in central Ayeyarwaddy Basin. In comparison, the area of settlements of Shans was larger than that of Bamar who entered in the Ayeyarwaddy Basin after the collapse of Pyu city-states (Than Tun, 2002). Since they lived in Yunnan Province, Shans established clusters of communities known as Mong, Muang, Keng-state or town which was ruled by a hereditary chief known as Saopha-lord of the sky. The Myanmar word saw-bwa derived from sao-pha (Zeng Peng: 1990). The first kingdom of Shans might be the Mao which located in a strategic place on the Yunnan border, from thence they entered Myanmar by crossing Chindwin and Ayeyarwaddy River. The Shans from Mong Mao area also moved south along the Ayeyarwaddy River. With the help of other groups from Shan States they later founded kingdoms and dynasties in central Myanmar, Upper Sagaing District, Mohnyin, Mong Kwang, Mong Mit and Bhamo. Tai immigrants on the other hand, established p etty states in Hsenwi, Hsi paw, Mong Nai, Mong Pai, Yawng Hwe (Nyaung Shwe), and Kyaing Tong. When Bagan was founded by Aniruddha (1044-77) in the first half of eleventh century A.D, the Shan principalities had already existed in Myanmar. It is attributed that the hegemony of the kings of Bagan could not be extended to the principalities of Shan States, particularly the trans- Than Lwin area (Than Tun, 2004)."......Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-­26 July 2015.
Creator/author: Shwe Zin Maw
Source/publisher: International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-­26 July 2015
2015-07-26
Date of entry/update: 2015-09-07
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 188.9 KB
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Description: Abstract: "Pyin-­‐Oo-­‐Lwin has the high quality built environment of the area, with its wealth of historic buildings, conservation areas and historic monuments, represents an important social, cultural, recreational and educational resource as well as helping to make it an appealing place to live, work and visit. This research is focus on conserving of the historic buildings and its surrounding environments in Pyin-­‐Oo-­‐Lwin town. As there is physical degradation because of the impact of urban development, the conservation of these areas will include their development and harmonious adaption to contemporary life‟ (UNESCO 1987). During 19th Century, British made well plan with impeccable signs of urban planning and local architecture and built the many famous buildings in Pyin-­‐Oo-­‐Lwin town. These colonial buildings are standing now as heritage buildings and structures so that targeting conservation resources towards particularly vulnerable group of sites and environments. Because of elevation, situation, climate and verdant environment, it be comes prominent as a famous highland town. In urban areas, increased attention must be paid by the institutions for its conservation; new issues have to be addressed, due to the dramatic changes occurring. It suffers from physical and functional decay and seems to have been seriously affected by inconsistent development. The historic architectural and urban features of Pyin-­‐Oo-­‐Lwin deserve a careful survey and assessment, in order to be protected as a substantial part of Myanmar heritage. It involves actively caring for the heritage, maintaining it in good physical condition, making it readily accessible for study, enjoyment, recreation, and tourism. In this research, it is thoroughly documented the existing conditions of Pyin-­‐Oo-­‐Lwin town and identified the possible heritage areas to be conserved with the development of this town. Then, the study on the principles and methods of conservation and criteria for conservation are presented as literature study to support this research. Finally, this research intends to give general guidelines for existing historic buildings and new buildings built harmoniously in the environment and to create encouragement and promote heritage awareness on historic built form of Pyin-­‐Oo-­‐Lwin Town.".....Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-­26 July 2015.
Creator/author: Than Htay Oo
Source/publisher: International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-­26 July 2015
2015-07-26
Date of entry/update: 2015-08-10
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 3.56 MB
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Description: "Kyaing Tong is the largest and oldest state of Trans -­‐ Than Lwin Region. It is known in history with such variety of names as Gon (Khun) (Than Tun, 2004), Kom, Kyaing Tong (Hman-­‐nan, 2008), Khema Vara and Khema Rahta Jayajotitonkarapur (Scott and Hardiman, 1901). The first people who migrated into Kyaing Tong were Wa or La-­‐wa. They also settled in the other areas of eastern Shan States and Lan Na in northern Thailand (Conway, 2006). There were followed by Gon (Khun) and Lu people. The date of the migration of these people is attributed to the early first millennium AD even though local chronicles mentions the date of early settlements to twelfth century AD (Mangrai, 1981). Later the ethnic group from the neighbouring states of Thailand and Laos comprising Tai Hkun; Tai Lu, Tai Lem, Tai Neu, Tai Yuan, Tai Lao and Tai Htai came to settle in the Trans-­‐Thanlwin Region including Kyaing Tong area (Sai Aung Tun, 2009). They established communities which later developed chiefs known as saophas or sawbwas (in Myanmar) which means lord of the sky. A legend says that Kyaing Tong was firstly founded by a hermit named Tong. The state therefore was named after its founder Keng Tong or Kyaing Tong. However Kyaing Tong chronicle mentions that the first two sawbwas of Kyaing Tong; Mang Kom and Mang Yè belonged to Wa Tribe. They were replaced by Khun sawbwas who ruled the region from the mid-­‐thirteenth century A.D to 1959 when sawbwas relinquished their autonomous rule (Than Tun, 2004).".....Paper delivered at the International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-­26 July 2015.
Creator/author: Soe Aung
Source/publisher: International Conference on Burma/Myanmar Studies: Burma/Myanmar in Transition: Connectivity, Changes and Challenges: University Academic Service Centre (UNISERV), Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 24-­26 July 2015
2015-07-26
Date of entry/update: 2015-08-10
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 179.79 KB
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Description: "...Shan is a Burmese rendering of Siam. The Thai call our Shans as Thai-yai or Elder Thai – and Tai or Thai is only a dialectical rendering. The Tai Speaking Peoples stretch from North East India, through Burma, the Kachin and Shan States, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and south and southwest China. Chinese Prime Minister Chou-en-lai of PRC [Communist Mainland China] said in 1957 to Soa Shwe Thaike, who was the first President of the Independent Burma, that in China there were then 100million Tai/Dai Speaking Peoples in China..."
Source/publisher: Burma Digest
2008-01-15
Date of entry/update: 2011-01-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language: English
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Source/publisher: Burma Digest
2008-01-17
Date of entry/update: 2011-01-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language: English
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Description: "...The date 7th February 1947 is a defining moment in the record of the Shan history as a modern nation. On that day, Shan princes and the people?s representatives of the Shan States demonstrated their newfound unity to declare it a ?national day? which were followed by the resolutions of ?Shan National Anthem?, ?Shan National Flag? and the formation of ?Shan State Council? on the 11th and 15th of February, 1947 respectively. The people of Shan States and leaders decided in this very year later at Panglong, on the 12th of February, to join with U Aung San and the AFPFL (Anti-Fascist People?s Freedom League) and leaders of other nationalities, to live together under one flag as co-independent and equal nations. This marks the birth of a nation-state now known as ?Union of Burma?..."
Source/publisher: Burma Digest
2008-01-21
Date of entry/update: 2011-01-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language: English
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Description: "...Shans around the world (Tai peoples) The Tai or Tai-Kadai ethnicity The Tai or Tai-Kadai ethnicity refers collectively to the ethnic groups of southern China and Southeast Asia, stretching from_ * Hainan to eastern India * and from southern Sichuan to Laos, * Thailand, and parts of Vietnam, which speak languages in the Tai-Kadai family and share similar traditions and festivals, including Songkran or Thingyan water festival. * Despite never having a unified nation-state of their own, * the peoples also have historically shared a vague idea of a Shan or Tai or ?Siam” nation, corrupted to Shan in Burma or Assam in India, and most of them self-identified themselves as ?Tai”. ..."
Source/publisher: Burma Digest
2008-01-22
Date of entry/update: 2011-01-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language: English
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Description: Tags: Anawrahta, Blogging, British, British Colony, Burma, Burma Digest, Burmese History, Colony, History, Mon, National day, Politics, Pyu, Pyu kingdom, Rakhine, Rule of Law, Shan, South East Asia, SPDC, SPDC Generals, Thailand, Than Shwe, Tibeto-Burman, To win the Hearts and Minds of the people, UK., UN, UNGA, UNHCR, UNSC, UNSG, War Crimes |
Source/publisher: Burma Digest
2008-01-23
Date of entry/update: 2011-01-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language: English
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Source/publisher: San Oo Aung?s Weblog
2008-01-24
Date of entry/update: 2011-01-06
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language: English
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Description: "... Like many other ethnic peoples of Burma, the Shans or Tai once had their homeland in China. Some historians believe that the Tai people originally were from the north of the Yellow River (Huang Ho), occupying the region known as Hebei and Shanxi round about 2515 B.C. The Chinese annals also mention Tai settlements in the middle basin of the Yellow River in 850 B.C. They made their homeland there for a long time, establishing small feudal kingdoms and spreading their ?Na? culture to neighboring regions..."
Source/publisher: Burma Digest
2008-01-17
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-14
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language: English
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Description: Content 1. King Naresuan and Shan Sao Pha Connection. -Hsenwi -Nanda Bayin Period (1581-1599) -Revolts during the reign of Nanda Bayin. -The Domain of Muang Gong in AD 1556. -Muang Mit (Maing Mit) and Nanda Bayin. -King Naresuan and Nanda Bayin. -Hongsawadi?s war with Ava, Shan and Siam. -King Nyaung Yan?s war on the Shans. -King Nyaung Yan and Muang Nai. -King Nyaung Yan and Kham Kai Noi. - Situation of King Naresuan. -The situation of the two routes to cross the Salween. -Conclusion ..... 2. Shan and Ava. -Pinya Dynasty (1312-1365). -Sagaing Dynasty (1315-1363). -The First Ava Dynasty. (1364-1421). -The Second Ava Dynasty. (1364-1421). -The Third and Last Ava Dynasty (1476-1544) ..... 3. Bayint Naung?s War on Ava, Shan and Siam. -Bayint Naung?s war on Ava. -Bayint Naung?s war on Shan and Siam ..... Reference: In Shan, In Burmese
Creator/author: Khur Hsen
Source/publisher: International Conference on Shan Studies Maha Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand
2009-10-16
Date of entry/update: 2010-11-14
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language: English
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Description: "The story of Burma?s largest ethnic minority group is finally told—in voluminous detail... History of the Shan State: From its Origins to 1962, by Sai Aung Tun, Silkworm Press, 2009. P 684 IF ever there was a tiger in the room that hardly anyone was talking about, it would have to be the Shan. Burma?s second largest ethnic group—after the majority Burmans—has not had the same domestic or international attention given to their complex history as many smaller ethnic groups. Apart from a handful of Shan, Burmese and Western scholars, Shan State has rarely been studied since the great J.G. Scott wrote his encyclopedic Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States some 100 years ago..."
Creator/author: David Scott Mathieson
Source/publisher: "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 17, No. 1
2009-02-00
Date of entry/update: 2009-02-16
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language: English
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Description: The Memoirs of Khun Kya Bu of Hsipaw, signatory to the Panglong Agreement
Source/publisher: Shanland
1993-03-01
Date of entry/update: 2003-06-03
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 227.64 KB
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Description: Secession from the Union of Burma..."...The fourth of January 1958 was significant in Burma for two reasons: it marked the tenth anniversary of the nation?s independence and it also denoted the end of the constitutional limitation on the right of a state to secede from the Union1. While the anniversary of independence caused rejoicing throughout the country, the right of secession caused many of the leaders to worry and wonder whether or not this date would become significant as the beginning of the breakup of the Union. Since the right of secession is a unique right, not found in any other modern federal constitution save that of the U.S.S.R.,2 it is useful to examine the background and the contemporary situation in order to see what opportunities there are for a state to secede from the Union of Burma, and what limitations exist to keep it from exercising its right..."
Creator/author: Josef Silverstein, date?
Source/publisher: Shanland.org
Date of entry/update: 2003-06-03
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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Description: The Sao Hpa (or) Sawbwa of the State of LAWKSAWK was without doubt the first Shan leader of SHAN STATE to clash with the advancing British Column. It was January 1887. The annexation of Upper Burma was accomplished in 1885. The Sao Hpas of Southern Shan States formed a confederacy and installed the Limbin Prince as Sovereign. First, in the Shan States, and their aim was Burma itself. With unity and solidarity they firmly believed they could drive the British back to the sea. The final aim was to establish a country with Limbin Prince as King of Burma. During that period the whole of Shan States, South as well as North was in turmoil and discontent existed.
Source/publisher: Shan State Magazine
2000-00-00
Date of entry/update: 2003-06-03
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
Format : pdf
Size: 278.41 KB
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Creator/author: Sai Aung Tun
Source/publisher: Texts and Contexts Conference, Rangoon, 12-14 December 2001
2001-12-12
Date of entry/update: 2003-06-03
Grouping: Individual Documents
Category: Shan history
Language: English
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Description: The political economy of Shan tea under British colonial rule. "...Tawngpeng State, the major tea-producing area in the Federated Shan States, contained an area of 938 square miles. As of 1939 the population of Tawngpeng was 59,398 and it had a revenue of Rs. 645,634. The State was divided into 16 circles which corresponded as closely as possible to clan-divisions. Geographic features were characterised by hills ranging from five to seven thousand feet in height interspersed with valleys that averaged approximately ten miles in length and from a few hundred yards to a few miles in width. Maurice Collis, a former Burma civil servant, noted that upon approaching Namhsan, the capital of Tawngpeng which lies at the centre of the State at a height of six thousand feet, ?there is a vale and in the midst, ten miles away, is a ridge, on one end of which stands the town of Nam Hsan with the palace over it on a circular hill....The vale is one vast tea garden?. On the lower levels of the hillsides, Palaungs and Shans grow tea whilst higher up Kachins and Lisus practice shifting agriculture. Shans predominate in the valleys where rice is the staple crop..."
Creator/author: Robert Maule Department of History, University of Toronto
Source/publisher: Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter No. 14, September 1991
1991-09-00
Date of entry/update: 2003-06-03
Grouping: Individual Documents
Language: English
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