Land use in Burma
Individual Documents
Description:
"Trend in Landcover and driving factors of change
From 2000 to 2020, the area of evergreen broad-leaved forests and deciduous broad-leaved forests in Myanmar decreased, while the area of the rest of the land types increased, with the area of shrubland increasing the most.
Specifically, in 2020 areas in Myanmar were dominated by forests (56.64% of the area) and cropland (25.59% of the area). The combined area of the two land types accounts for more than 82% of the total national land area.
During 2000–2020, the area of forest in Myanmar has shrunk of −0.36%, and the area of other land types has expanded. Among them, deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest showed a decreasing trend. Cropland (+0.26%), wetlands and water bodies (+0.85%), and impervious surfaces (+0.91%) all showed a trend of area expansion with the most expanded area being shrubland (+1.00%) and the least expanded area is grassland (+1.19%).
In terms of the spatial distribution of land use dynamic degree, the main changes in the first ten years (2000–2010) occurred in the central region, while in the next ten years the changes were most concentrated in the western and southern regions, and then in the eastern region.
Studies (ref. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/2409) have shown that 60% of the changes is related to direct human activities, and approximately the remaining 40% is indirectly related to climate change. Among the factors that have a more pronounced impact are GDP, population, and urbanization rates.
Infrastructure development and logging for commercial purposes have had a significant impact on the country’s forest resources. Since the 1990s, the Myanmar government has promulgated laws and regulations such as “Standards and Indicators for Sustainable Forestry Management”, “Forest Law of the Union of Myanmar”, “Forestry Regulations of the Union of Myanmar”, “Regulations for the Implementation of National Forest Logging” and from April 1 in 2014, a total ban on the export of logs.
Laws and regulations can be effective to achieve sustainable development only in combination with improved conditions for livelihoods, farmers and establishing a sustainable forest industry chain. Untap the potential of the local value chains and combine them with a modern forest industry with scientific afforestation, nurturing, logging and high value-added forest products is still a challenge in Myanmar land management.."
Source/publisher:
MA-UK Myanmar via Reliefweb (New York)
Date of publication:
2024-01-03
Date of entry/update:
2024-01-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Climate Change - Burma/Myanmar: general, The forests of Burma/Myanmar - General, Land use in Burma
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
581.42 KB
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Topic:
Rural working people; national land network; movement building; Land in Our Hands; Myanmar; right to land; political transition
Topic:
Rural working people; national land network; movement building; Land in Our Hands; Myanmar; right to land; political transition
Description:
"ABSTRACT: The transition from military dictatorship to an electoral regime has opened limited political spaces for social activism in Myanmar. Some have called the unfolding situation a ‘transition to
democracy’. But this is far from the reality for some, if not most,
of Myanmar’s ‘rural working people’. This paper explores the
trajectory of the national land network called Land in Our Hands
(LIOH or Doe Myay), which came into formal existence in 2014.
This paper attempts to lay out a more comprehensive account of
the historical legacies and internal and external pressures that
have been shaping LIOH as a movement building initiative, and
in relation to three key dimensions: its identity politics; its
ideology and class base; and its political work.....Introduction: The transition from military dictatorship to an electoral regime has opened limited political spaces for social activism in Myanmar. Today’s electoral regime is still a largely elite-controlled political situation, with relatively more competitive elections but under unevenly
restrictive conditions, including continued restricted access to basic democratic rights for much of the population especially outside the main urban areas. This goes hand in hand with a centrally controlled economic opening and continuing armed conflict in parts of the country. While the political space (such as it is) may be new, social movement in Myanmar is not. Social movements of different forms and scales continued to exist occupying non-traditional political spaces, especially local spaces, throughout the dark ages of
military rule beginning from 1962. In the remote ethnic states, rural villagers have been using everyday forms of resistance such as ‘hiding resources, ignoring orders, packing road embankments with sticks during forced labour, informing human rights groups but
not the military’ in order to protect their territories and communities (Malseed 2009, 380), which as a whole formed a grassroots movement (Malseed 2008). Some movements such as the Ba Ka Tha (All Burma Federation of Student Union) went underground after the brutal crackdown of the 1988 pro-democracy uprising to continue training student activists in leftwing political ideology. Others, including students and ethnic-based democracy movements, transformed into armed struggles along the Chinese, Thai and Indian borders. Diaspora-driven human rights coalitions sprang up in Western countries, exposing violations and atrocities committed by the military regime and lobbying for support for the democratic forces working inside and outside the country. Some have called the unfolding situation a ‘transition to democracy’ (Sein 2017). But
this is far from the reality for some, if not most, of Myanmar’s ‘rural working people’. In this paper, we draw on Shivji’s (2017) conception of ‘working people’ to encompass a diverse constituency of people currently struggling to reproduce themselves and their households under contemporary political-economic conditions in Myanmar..."
Source/publisher:
The Journal of Peasant Studies via Routledge (London)
Date of publication:
2021-02-09
Date of entry/update:
2021-04-27
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Rural development in Burma/Myanmar, Land research including land grabbing - global and regional, International resources on land rights and tenure, Land use in Burma, Politics, Government and Governance - Burma/Myanmar - general studies
Language:
Format :
pdf
Size:
2.22 MB
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Description:
“ၦၤလၢတၢ်မၤဟးဂီၤအဟံၣ်ခဲအံၤသ့ၣ်တဖၣ် ကီၢ်ပဒိၣ်ဟ့ၣ်စ့အီၣ်လိးလီၤႉ ပတဟံးအီၤတမ့ၢ်ဘၣ်ႉ ဟ့ၣ်၀ဲထဲတၢ်သုးလီၢ်သုး ကျဲအလဲန့ၣ်လီၤႉ ဘၣ်မနုၤဃိ ၦၤထံဖိကီၢ်ဖိသ့ၣ်တဖၣ်တသုးဘၣ်လဲၣ်န့ၣ် ကျဲမုၢ်၀ဲန့ၣ်အကျိၤဆီ တလဲသးအဃိန့ၣ်လီၤႉ ပတီၣ်ထီၣ်လၢကဘှါရှဲန့ၢ်ၦၤအဘျီတဖၣ်အဘီလျီၤႉ အ၀ဲသ့ၣ်တကပၤတဲ၀ဲလၢပဟံၣ်လီၢ်န့ၣ်အိၣ် တလၢကွံာ်၀ဲထံကီၢ် အဟီၣ်ခိၣ်လီၢ်အဃိ မၤဟးဂီၤကွံာ်၀ဲန့ၣ်လီၤႉ မၤ၀ဲလၢအတဖိးမံဒီးတၢ်ဘျၢဘၣ်န့ၣ်လီၤႉ ပကဲကမျၢၢ်ဘၣ်ဒိလၢၦၤလီၤႉ ၀့ၢ်အံၤပၢပြးခိၣ်ဟ့ၣ်လီၤတၢ်ကလုၢ် ဟဲမၤဟးဂီၤ၀ဲလၢဂီၤခီ(၅)နၣ်ရံၣ်လၢတၢ်န့ၣ်အဃိ ပဟံးပက့ၤ လိာ်ဘၢလိာ်ကွၢ်က့ၤ အ၀ဲသ့ၣ်လီၤႉ..."
စးအဲၣ်ဆူ
Source/publisher:
KIC (Karen Information Center)
Date of publication:
2018-12-12
Date of entry/update:
2019-01-14
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Land use in Burma, Land rights
Language:
Sgaw Karen
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Description:
''The right to land for all peoples is essential for peace, democracy and development. The recently adopted amendment by parliament to the 2012 Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Lands Management Law (VFV Law) has immediate, deep and far-reaching implications for many millions of rural working people in Myanmar, especially in ethnic nationality regions. The new law has also serious, negative consequences for the country’s development and the transition towards democracy, and ultimately for the prospects for a lasting peace in Myanmar.
Across Myanmar, but especially in ethnic borderland areas, the livelihoods and well-being of agrarian communities have, for centuries, been assured through traditional customary land and resource management systems. Many such systems continue to exist, and they command social legitimacy in regulating how people relate to each other and to land and resources at the village level. These systems involve community assertion of authority over the local land and resources, and regulation of their management and use. These systems are often informal, but there is clear understanding within and between villages what land can be used, by whom, for how long, and for what purposes...''
Source/publisher:
Transnational Institute (TNI)
Date of publication:
2018-12-13
Date of entry/update:
2019-01-04
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
TNI-BCN Project on Ethnic Conflict in Burma, Racial or ethnic discrimination in Burma: reports of violations against several groups, Land use in Burma
Language:
English
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Description:
Contents:
What is land and why is it important? ...
Why is land such a burning issue in Myanmar? ...
How is land related to debates about development?...
Is there a human right to land?...
What steps are people in Myanmar taking to
express and assert their human right to land?
Jenny Franco, Hannah Twomey, Khu Khu Ju, Pietje Vervest, Tom Kramer
Source/publisher:
Transnational Institute (TNI)
Date of publication:
2015-11-00
Date of entry/update:
2016-02-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
365.33 KB
Local URL:
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Description:
Abstract: The most significant land problems in Burma remain those associated with landlessness, rural poverty, inequality of access to resources, and a military regime that denies citizen rights and is determined to rule by force and not by law. A framework to ensure the sustainable development of land is needed to address social, legal, economic and technical dimensions of land management. This framework can only be created and implemented within and by a truly democratic nation. Keywords: Agriculture and state -- Burma; Land use, Rural -- Burma; Land use, Rural -- Government policy -- Burma; Agricultural policy -- Burma; Land administration -- Burma.
Nancy Hudson-Rodd, Myo Nyunt
Source/publisher:
Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison
Date of publication:
2001-04-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-09-01
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Land use in Burma, Land use
Language:
English
Format :
pdf
Size:
363.42 KB
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