"In Myanmar, there is a general attitude that issues affecting women fall exclusively under the purview of the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief, and Resettlement. This policy paper explores how gender mainstreaming in subnational governance can take place outside of what is typically considered women-centric policy domains in Myanmar, using the fisheries and livestock sectors as examples...Since 2011, Myanmar has begun implementing significant governance reforms. The 2008 Constitution provided a framework for the beginning of decentralization, shifting from a highly centralized and authoritarian system to one that more closely resembles a democracy. The formation of State and Region (S/R) governments, Myanmar?s newly established subnational governing bodies, has created opportunities for legislation, policies, and budgets that are more responsive and representative of local needs. While the introduction of subnational institutions has indeed laid the foundations for increasingly democratic practices, the road towards gender equality continues to face significant challenges under Myanmar?s current governance structure. These challenges include: zz A complex administrative structure that neglects to clearly define roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships;1 zz A general attitude that issues affecting women fall exclusively under the purview of the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief, and Resettlement; and zz Outdated governance systems that pose barriers to equitable participation..."