"Myanmar’s economy relies on agriculture, including fisheries and forestry, and the sector accounts for nearly half of the total economic output of the country and employs more than 60 percent of the total labor force. There are enormous resources for the expansion and growth of aquaculture and culture based fisheries, nevertheless, the full potential for further development of its contribution to food security, employment and rural and national economy has not yet been fully realized and documented in Myanmar. In the past, tilapia species were cultured in shallow, narrow and temporary water bodies and were targeted only for rural populations. Nowadays the tilapia, particularly hybrid and mono sex species, are widely cultured in intensive farms as a result of the high demand from local consumers and an increasing demand from restaurants and barbecue shops. Tilapia culture in Myanmar is constrained by seed production and seed quality as well as other management problems. Government hatcheries in 2012–2013 produced freshwater fingerlings and the main species were rohu (549.20 million), tarpian (127.86 million) and common carp (45.58 million), whereas the tilapia seed production was 13.06 million, only 1.65% of total seed production of different kinds of freshwater fish species. FAO has been involving in earlier normative field work of tilapia farming, in addition, recently implemented a number of country field projects to improve seed production and farming practices of tilapia and other inland fish species in the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Nepal. The implementation of the project will greatly benefit from the experiences, knowledge and lessons gained from the implementation of the past relevant country projects..."