TABLE OF CONTENTS: Acknowledgements; Executive Summary; Summary of mid-term review findings and recommendations; Background; HIV/AIDS situation and response in Myanmar; Challenges to mobilising a response; Review methodology; Progress against Joint Programme outputs;; Output 1; Output 2; Output 3; Output 4; Output 5; Responses to additional questions in the TORs; Table 1: HIV sentinel surveillance results among IDUs, 1992-2003 10; Table 2: Numbers of clients, by age and sex, receiving results and 13; post-test counselling in 2004; Figure 1: Trends in drug use reflected through new registered cases 10; in Yangon, Mandalay, Kachin, Shan, Sagaing and Bago; Figure 2: Number of PLWHA receiving home-based care, 2000-2005; Figure 3: Actual versus needed ART, 2004 and 2005; Diagram 1: Illustrative re-structuring of Joint Programme management and co-ordination structures... Annex A: Mid-term review itinerary; Annex B: Joint Programme partner implementing organisations; Annex C: Pre-review assessment paper topics; Annex D: Mid-Term review terms of reference; Annex E: Additional comments received on the first draft mid-term review report..."Myanmar is presently faced with the challenge of controlling a dual epidemic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and injection drug use. Injection Drug Users (IDUs) have a very high risk of infection, which can occur soon after an individual begins injecting. Sexual transmission is another major mode of HIV transmission. Commercial sex, which is driven by patronage of sex workers by men, is the largest contributor to this. Transmission is occurring heterosexually outside of the commercial sex industry and HIV is now in the general population. A substantial amount of sexual transmission of HIV is also taking place amongst men who have sex with men (MSM). It is thought that a significant proportion of male youth are at risk because of having early sex with sex workers. Some migrant populations are at increased risk as well. The trend of HIV infection amongst women attending antenatal clinics is upward and it is presumed that HIV is thus being passed on to babies at expected rates. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) death rates have not been examined, but rising numbers of orphaned children are being seen and very few programmes to assist them exist..."