ABSTRACT: Since 2010, Myanmar has been in the midst of a multifaceted transition, involving economic reforms, the resolution of multiple long-standing civil conflicts, and a nascent transition to democratic rule. These transitions are coinciding with a resource -led economic boom. The paper assesses the current status of governance institutions, as well as their performance, in comparison to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and selected other countries. Specifically, the paper discusses outstanding problem areas related to economic governance, particularly in the legal system, the business regulatory framework, and in bureaucratic capacity as well as the potential use of external policy anchors, particularly in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) process, to strengthen Myanmar?s ongoing reform effort... Keywords: Myanmar, governance, economic reform, peace process, property rights, resource curse.....CONTENTS: TABLES AND FIGURES... I. INTRODUCTION... II. CROSS-NATIONAL INDICATORS OF GOVERNANCE... III. ONGOING ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE REFORMS: A. Property Rights; and Factor Markets; B. Corporate Governance; C. Bureaucratic Capacity... IV. ENGAGING CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PEACE PROCESS: A. Civil Society; B. Peace Process... V. EXTERNAL POLICY ANCHORS AND THE EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES TRANSPARENCY INITIATIVE: A. Resource Development Context; B. The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative... VI. CONCLUSIONS... REFERENCES.