11 slides: 1. Naw Ei Ei Min POINT ( Promotion of Indigenous and Nature Together) [email protected] 2.  "Shwe Pyaung taung ya”- hill-farm.  Mostly in Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin and Shan states  Estimated 15,000 ha per year ( REDD roadmap)  22.8%of the total land area (Forestry fact sheet, Forest Department, 1993)  15% of the forest area  Fallow Period ranging from 0 to 7 Years  1/10 of population rely on shifting cultivation (2004)  Reduced year by year 3.  All types of land belong to the state, use right do not own land  pioneering or unsustainable shifting cultivation are often listed as the main drivers of forest degradation.  "to discourage shifting cultivation practices causing extensive damage to the forests through adoption of improved practices for better food production and a better quality of life for shifting cultivators" The Myanmar Forest Policy (1995)  1992 Land use act for wasteland/Vacant land ? 30 years 4. • Farmland Law • Customary land tenure is not recognized • Specifically communal/collective tenure is not allowed under the law • Rotational agriculture systems ?shifting taungya? is not recognised as a legal land-use under the law  land can not be registered • Vancant, Fallow and Virgin land law • Grazing and forest lands can not be communally titled • No independent legal redress in case of conflicts 5.  Hsin Hswe and Lake Poke , Natalin Township, Bago Division, Myanmar, Estimated 100 households, 2 hour to 5 hours on foot  Barter economy  Main Crops: chili, sesame, cotton for exchange and paddy. tomatoes and egg plants and corn for family consumption  5-7 fallow period, permission during Brithsh Colony, reduced land by illegal logging  Animal husbandry, turtle eggs and orchid  Rat Infestation (Hpjan?s bulbous roots for food , wild pig eat bamboo flowers, cats for mice, traps and collective hunt, exchange rice with orchid and pork)  600 Kyats for tax 6.  5 villages Kanpetlet Township, Mindat District, Nothern Part of Chin State, Estimated 100 households, 24 hour on foot  Main Crops: rice, corn, Pickel tree leave, sweet potato, potato, egg plant, tomato, chili  Hunting (Gi, Sat, Tiger, wild pig, rabbit, wolf and butterfly) and fishing  Decreased fallow period in some area up to 1-3 year, stronger customary practice, high rate of migration  Selling and Plantation of Yam Seed, 5-6 USD per viss ( Chinese Market)  family income per month is between 20,000 and 50,000 kyats (20 to 50 USD) 7.  Shortening fallow period and reduced practices due to many reasons  Loss of traditional land due to investments (e.g. hydropower, agriculture);  Growing population;  Lack of land tenure over shifting cultivation land and surrounding forests;  Lack of viable alternatives to shifting cultivation and acceptable technologies or practices to improve or diversify slash-and-burn agriculture. 8.  Research and documentation on shifting cultivation and related studies  Acknowledge land tenure for sustainable shifting cultivator  Support services for indigenous peoples to enhance their livelihoods,  capacity building on innovations especially for women and youth, skills on agroforestry, NTFPs etc.  Biodiversity Conservation and Enhancement and protection against bio-piracy and unfair and illegal patenting