"This report summarizes the results of a large-scale, population-based health survey, which covered 64 townships, 6,620 households, and a target population of 456,786 people. The survey was jointly conducted by members of the Health Information System Working Group (HISWG). The survey results demonstrate that remote and conflict-affected regions of eastern Burma continue to face critical health challenges. Some health outcomes in the region have improved, though it is clear that significant challenges remain. Mortality rates among infants and children under 5 in eastern Burma are far higher than Burma?s official figures for the country as a whole and more closely resemble other areas where complex humanitarian disasters have unfolded, such as Somalia. The three main causes of death across all age groups are attributable to largely preventable diseases such as diarrhea, malaria, and acute respiratory infections. Ethnic and community-based health service providers are responding strategically to health needs at the community level, but increases in support are needed in order to expand their reach and to address the chronic health crisis in the region.....TABLEOF CONTENTS: Foreword by Dr. Cynthia Maung... Executive Summary... Context: Political background; Health in Burma... Ethnic and Community-Based Health Systems in Eastern Burma: Governance and leadership; Health service delivery; Health workforce; Health information systems... Methodology: Sampling; Instrument design and health outcomes measurement; Surveyor training and ethical approval; Data collection, compilation, and analysis; Limitations... Survey Areas... Survey Findings and Discussion: Demographics; Mortality; Maternal and child health; 1 Skilled birth attendants; Antenatal care; Family planning and contraceptive use; Maternal nutrition; Child nutrition; Childhood diarrhea; Breastfeeding practices; Malaria; Malaria prevalence; Malaria: cause-specific mortality; Malaria health seeking behavior; Malaria prevention; Access to Health Care; 1 Proximity to healthcare facilities; Health access and birth registration ; Human rights violations; Health and Human Rights... Conclusions... Recommendations... Appendices: Acronyms; Data for Shan State Development Foundation; Background; Methodology; Demographics; Maternal and child health; Malaria; Access to health care; Human rights violations; Primary Health Care Convergence Model; Survey questionnaire; Website links for references; ..."